¿Por qué las startups fracasan en ecosistemas emprendedores emergentes?
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.esbj.e2055Palabras clave:
Ecosistemas emprendedores, Mortalidad de las startups, Fracaso de nuevos negocios, Innovación, Mercados emergentesResumen
Objetivo: La innovación es clave para el desarrollo económico y social de cualquier área geográfica. Los emprendedores son los actores responsables de la innovación y las startups (empresas de base tecnológica con alto potencial de crecimiento e impacto) suelen estar asociadas a la existencia de ecosistemas emprendedores. Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender por qué fracasan las startups en un ecosistema empresarial emergente. Método: Realizamos una investigación exploratoria en la que se entrevistó a emprendedores de startups habían fracasado en el ecosistema emprendedor emergente de Porto Alegre, Brasil. También recopilamos datos secundarios sobre el ecosistema de Porto Alegre. Resultados: Basándonos en los seis dominios del ecosistema emprendedor (Isenberg, 2011), generamos ideas sobre cómo los diferentes dominios de un ecosistema emprendedor emergente pueden influir en la mortalidad de las startups y proporcionar posibles vías de mejora. Los resultados muestran que este ecosistema investigado podría ser mucho mejor para evitar el fracaso de las startups. Las políticas y las finanzas son las áreas más problemáticas. Los dominios de cultura, apoyo y mercados son las tres dimensiones intermedias. Necesitan mejoras, pero no son tan críticas como las dos primeras. Contribuciones: Este artículo contribuye a la literatura sobre emprendimiento, explorando los ecosistemas emprendedores emergentes y especialmente el fracaso de las startups en estos entornos. Originalidad: Además de los errores individuales cometidos por el emprendedor, también existen problemas fuera del control del emprendedor que provocan la mortalidad de una empresa (Cardon, Stevens y Potter, 2011). Así, utilizamos el modelo de Isenberg (2010; 2011) para comprender la influencia del ecosistema emprendedor en las circunstancias del fracaso de startups (Jenkins & McKelvie, 2016). Contribuciones sociales: Al comprender mejor por qué fracasan las empresas emergentes en los ecosistemas empresariales emergentes, los responsables políticos pueden centrar su atención en las características que parecen ser más relevantes para los emprendedores. Estos agentes públicos pueden, por lo tanto, trabajar para brindar un mejor entorno a futuros emprendimientos.
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