Entrepreneurial behaviour and education in times of adversity
DOI:
10.14211/ibjesb.e2040Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Behavior, University Support, Pandemic EffectsAbstract
Objective: The goal of this research is to identify whether the Coronavirus pandemic has influenced students’ entrepreneurial behavior and perceived university support in a public university in Brazil. Methodology: This study used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the survey answered by 508 Business Administration students. Findings: Results reassured the positive relationship amongst Perceived University Support, Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Considering students’ perceptions of such elements prior and during the confinement, the relationship amongst Perceived University Support, Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy did not present significant changes. Originality: This study contributes to the discussion of lockdowns and quarantines repercussions in entrepreneurial behavior and education, since this period has brought uncertainties in economic, social and health scenarios. This period of instability also raises discussions concerning technological resources and related initiatives, highlighting a necessity of innovative ideas and solutions. Moreover, these results may also offer support for professors and pedagogical staff in the disciplines remake and university environments. Social/management contributions: The discussion around lockdowns and quarantines repercussions is broaden, especially in the field of entrepreneurship. Educational institutions have the opportunity to invest even more in the university environment to support entrepreneurship, preparing the student for the opportunities and new scenarios that will arise and that will be necessary for the economic recovery.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, T., Ur Rehman, I., & Sergi, B. S. (2019). A Proposed Framework on the Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Contextual Factors. In Entrepreneurship and Development in the 21st Century (pp. 47–68). https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-233-720191005
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Aldairany, S., Omar, R., & Quoquab, F. (2018). Systematic review: entrepreneurship in conflict and post conflict. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 10(2), 361–383. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-06-2017-0042
Almeida, L. R. S. de, Cordeiro, E. D. P. B., & Silva, J. A. G. da. (2019). Proposições acerca do Ensino de Empreendedorismo nas Instituições de Ensino Superior Brasileiras: uma Revisão Bibliográfica. Revista de Ciências Da Administração, 1(3), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2018v20n52p109
Alves, A. C., Fischer, B. B., Schaeffer, P. R., & Queiroz, S. (2019). Determinants of student entrepreneurship An assessment on higher education institutions in Brazil. Innovation & Management Review, 16(2), 2515–8961. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-02-2018-0002
Amaral, M., Toledo Hernandez, C., Henrique, M., & Bastos, R. (2018). The entrepreneurial profile of Brazilian business administration students. International Journal of Innovation Science, 10(2), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-05-2017-0040
Asimakopoulos, G., Hernández, V., & Peña Miguel, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial Intention of Engineering Students: The Role of Social Norms and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Sustainability, 11(16), 4314. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164314
Atiya, T. M. S., Bilal, Z. O., Abulhamid, M., & Shoaib, S. A. (2019). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intention of Sudanese and Omani University Students. European Scientific Journal, 15(4), 1857–7881. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n4p66
Bacq, S., Geoghegan, W., Josefy, M., Stevenson, R., & Williams, T. A. (2020). The COVID-19 Virtual Idea Blitz: Marshaling social entrepreneurship to rapidly respond to urgent grand challenges. Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.05.002
Bandura, A. (1994). Bandura Self-efficacy defined. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior.
Bezerra, É. D., Borges, C., & Andreassi, T. (2017). Universities, local partnerships and the promotion of youth entrepreneurship. International Review of Education, 63(5), 703–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-017-9665-y
Bignotti, A., & Le Roux, I. (2016). Unravelling the conundrum of entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial characteristics. Acta Commercii, 16(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v16i1.352
Brady, M. K., & Cronin, J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Marketing, 65(3). https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.3.34.18334
Brasil. Governo do Estado de São Paulo Decreto 64.881. , (2020).
Bullough, A., & Renko, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial resilience during challenging times. Business Horizons, 56(3), 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.01.001
Caliendo, M., & Kritikos, A. (2011). Searching for the entrepreneurial personality: New evidence and avenues for further research. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.06.001
Campos, M. L., Moraes, G. H. S. M., and Spatti, A. C. (2021). Do University Ecosystems Impact Student's Entrepreneurial Behavior? BAR. Brazilian Administration Review, v. 18, p. 1-30, 2021.
Canever, M. D., Barral, M. R. M., & Ribeiro, F. G. (2017). How does the public and private university environment affect students’ entrepreneurial intention? Education and Training. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2016-0187
Chin, W., & Newsted, P. (1999). Structural Equation Modeling Analysis with Small Samples Using Partial Least Square. Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd editio). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Elsevier (Ed.). (2021). QS World University Rankings 2021. Retrieved from https://www.qs.com/portfolio-items/qs-world-university-rankings-2021/
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 175–191.
Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Intention: Hysteresis and Persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
Fischer, B. B., Moraes, G. H. S. M. de, & Schaeffer, P. R. (2019). Universities’ institutional settings and academic entrepreneurship: Notes from a developing country. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2019.07.009
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Forza, C. (2002). Survey research in operations management: A process-based perspective. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 22. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570210414310
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W., & Xavier, A. (2020). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 32(1), 33–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2018.1551459
Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., Cunningham, J. A., & Gajón, E. (2018). Determinants of Graduates’ Start-Ups Creation across a Multi-Campus Entrepreneurial University: The Case of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 150–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12366
Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., & Gajón, E. (2014). The internal pathways that condition university entrepreneurship in latin america: An institutional approach. Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Growth, 24. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620140000024004
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hair, Joseph, Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. SAGE.
Isenberg, D. (2010). How to Start an Entrepreneurial Revolution. Retrieved from www.hbr.org
Jena, R. K. (2020). Measuring the impact of business management Student’s attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106275
Inácio Júnior, E., Autio, E., Morini, C., Gimenez, F. A. P., & Dionisio, E. A. (2016). Analysis of the Brazilian Entrepreneurial Ecosystem. Desenvolvimento Em Questão, 14(37), 5-36. https://doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2016.37.5-36
Kakodkar, P., Kaka, N., & Baig, M. (2020). A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Clinical Presentation, and Management of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cureus, 12(4), 7560. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7560
Karabag, S. F. (2020). An Unprecedented Global Crisis! The Global, Regional, National, Political, Economic and Commercial Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic. In Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research JAEBR (Vol. 10).
Koe, W.-L., Sa’ari, J. R., Majid, I. A., & Ismail, K. (2012). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Millennial Generation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.181
Korber, S., & McNaughton, R. B. (2018). Resilience and entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 24(7), 1129–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2016-0356
Kraaijenbrink, J., Bos, G., & Groen, A. (2010). What do students think of the entrepreneurial support given by their universities ? Jeroen Kraaijenbrink *, Ger Bos and Aard Groen. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9(1), 2010. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2010.029512
Krakauer, P. V. de C., Moraes, G. H. S. M., Coda, R., & Berne, D. de F. (2018). Brazilian women’s entrepreneurial profile and intention. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 10(4), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-04-2018-0032
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Kuckertz, A., Brändle, L., Gaudig, A., Hinderer, S., Morales Reyes, C. A., Prochotta, A., … Berger, E. S. C. (2020). Startups in times of crisis – A rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13, e00169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00169
Kusmintarti, A., Thoyib, A., Ashar, K., & Maskie, G. (2014). The Relationships among Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Entrepreneurial Attitude, and Entrepreneurial Intention (Vol. 16). Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.orgwww.iosrjournals.org
Küttim, M., Kallaste, M., Venesaar, U., & Kiis, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship Education at University Level and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 658–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2013.12.910
Le Thi Loan, Doung Cong Doanh, Ha Ngoc Thang, Ngo Thi Viet Nga, Pham Thanh Van,& Phan Thanh Hoa. (2021). Entrepreneurial behaviour: The effects of the fear and anxiety of Covid-19 and business opportunity recognition. Entrepreneurial Business & Economics Review. 2021;9(3):7-23. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2021.090301
Liguori, E., & Winkler, C. (2020). From Offline to Online: Challenges and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Education Following the COVID-19 Pandemic. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 251512742091673. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420916738
Liu, T., Walley, K., Pugh, G., & Adkins, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship education in China Evidence from a preliminary scoping study of enterprising tendency in Chinese university students. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging, 12(2), 305–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-01-2019-0006
Lüthje, C. L., & Franke, N. (2003). The “making” of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), 135–147. Retrieved from http://epub.wu.ac.at/4612/1/Luethje_Franke-2003-RDM_The-making-of-an-entrepreneur.pdf
Luthra, P., & Mackenzie, S. (2020). 4 ways COVID-19 could change how we educate future generations.
Moraes, G. H. S. M., Fischer, B. B., Campos, M. L., & Schaeffer, P. R. (2020). University ecosystems and the commitment of faculty members to support entrepreneurial activity. Brazilian Administration Review, 17(2), 1–26. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2020190013
Moraes, G. H. S. M., Iizuka, E. S., & Pedro, M. (2018). Effects of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and University Environment on Entrepreneurial Intention. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 22(2), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2018170133
Moraes, G. H. S. M., Fischer, B. B., Guerrero, M., Rocha, A. K. L., and Schaeffer, P. (2021). An inquiry into the linkages between university ecosystem and students’ entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, p. 1-12.
Mustafa, M. J., Hernandez, E., Mahon, C., & Chee, L. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intentions of university students in an emerging economy: The influence of university support and proactive personality on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 162–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-10-2015-0058
Nassif, V. M. J., Armando, E., & La Falce, J. L. (2020). O Empreendedorismo e a Pequena Empresa no Contexto do Pós Covid-19: Há luz no Fim do Túnel. Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas, 9(3), I–VII. https://doi.org/10.14211/regepe.v9i3.1940
Neneh, B. N. (2020). Entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention: the role of social support and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1770716
Neumeyer, X., Ashton, W. S., & Dentchev, N. (2020). Addressing resource and waste management challenges imposed by COVID-19: An entrepreneurship perspective. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105058
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110(May 2018), 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., … Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, Vol. 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise Education: Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-6520.2003.00035.x
Pihie, Z. A. L., & Bagheri, A. (2013). Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediation Effect of Self-Regulation. Vocations and Learning, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-013-9101-9
Pittaway, L., & Edwards, C. (2012). Assessment: Examining practice in entrepreneurship education. Education and Training. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211274882
Raposo, M., & do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. 23(2001), 453–457.
Ratten V. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Entrepreneurship: Changing Life and Work Landscape. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. 32(5):503-516. doi:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsbe20
Ratten V. (2021). COVID‐19 and entrepreneurship: Future research directions. Strategic Change. 30(2):91-98. doi:10.1002/jsc.2392
Rezaeetalab, F., Mozdourian, M., Amini, M., Javidarabshaihi, Z., & Akbari, F. (2020). COVID-19: A New Virus as a Potential Rapidly Spreading in the Worldwide. Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine, 2020;8(1): https://doi.org/10.22038/jctm.2020.46924.1264
Rideout, E. C., & Gray, D. O. (2013). Does entrepreneurship education really work? A review and methodological critique of the empirical literature on the effects of university-based entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12021
Rocha, E. L. de C., & Freitas, A. A. F. (2014). Avaliação do Ensino de Empreendedorismo entre Estudantes Universitários por meio do Perfil Empreendedor. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 18(4), 465–486. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20141512
Rodríguez Gutiérrez, P. I., Pastor Pérez, M. del P., & Alonso Galicia, P. E. (2019). University entrepreneurship: how to trigger entrepreneurial intent of undergraduate students. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(4), 927–950. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-04-2018-0037
Rönkkö, M. L., & Lepistö, J. (2015). Finnish student teachers’ critical conceptions of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Enterprising Communities. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-03-2013-0003
Ruiz-Rosa I., Gutiérrez-Taño D., García-Rodríguez F. J. (2020). Social Entrepreneurial Intention and the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Structural Model. Sustainability (2071-1050). 12(17):6970. doi:10.3390/su12176970
Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S. Y., Yani-De-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2015). The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12090
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff Challenges. 2019(4), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
Salisu, I., Hashim, N., Shehu Mashi, M., & Galadanchi Aliyu, H. (2020). Perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for entrepreneurial career success Does resilience matter? Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging, 12(2), 279–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-02-2019-0025
Saraih, U. N., Zin Aris, A. Z., Abdul Mutalib, S., Tunku Ahmad, T. S., Abdullah, S., & Harith Amlus, M. (2018). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention among Engineering Students. MATEC Web of Conferences, 150, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815005051
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2001.4378020
Schmidt, S., & Bohnenberger, M. C. (2009). Perfil empreendedor e desempenho organizacional. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 13(3), 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552009000300007
Schumpeter, J. (1911). Die Theorie wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung. Duncker & Humblot, 61–116.
Schwarz, E. J., Almer-Jarz, D. A., & Wdowiak, M. A. (2006). A structural model of entrepreneurial intent among students: findings from Austria. Diversity in Entrepreneurship, (January 2014), 29–43.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship, in The Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship. In Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship.
Shi, L., Yao, X., & Wu, W. (2020). Perceived university support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, heterogeneous entrepreneurial intentions in entrepreneurship education The moderating role of the Chinese sense of face. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(2), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-04-2019-0040
Stamboulis, Y., & Barlas, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship education impact on student attitudes. International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.07.001
Times Higher Education | World University Rankings. (2020). Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats
Trivedi, R. (2016). Does university play significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intention? A cross-country comparative analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2015-0149
Turker, D., & Selcuk, S. S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students? Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(2), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910939049
UNICAMP. Resolução GR n. 24/2020. , (2020).
UNICAMP. Resolução GR n. 72/2020. , (2020).
Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial Universities: Socioeconomic Impacts of Academic Entrepreneurship in a European Region. Gender and Society, 27(1), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242412471973
Vesper, K. H., & Gartner, W. B. (1997). Measuring progress in entrepreneurship education. Journal of Business Venturing. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00009-8
Vodă, A., & Florea, N. (2019). Impact of Personality Traits and Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business and Engineering Students. Sustainability, 11(4), 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041192
WHO. (2020a). Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
WHO. (2020b). World Health Organization - Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19).
Yang, Y., Peng, F., Wang, R., Guan, K., Jiang, T., Xu, G., … Chang, C. (2020, May 1). The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Journal of Autoimmunity, Vol. 109, p. 102434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102434
Zhao, H., Hills, G. E., & Seibert, S. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 733 PDF downloads: 167
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Anne Kathleen Lopes da Rocha, Gisela Consolmagno Pelegrini, Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de Moraes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0
License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; -
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.
