Entrepreneurship teaching: A study about best practices and antecedents of Brazilian teachers
DOI:
10.14211/ibjesb.e2133Keywords:
Entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurship, Teaching career, Pedagogical practices, Teacher’s backgroundAbstract
Objective: to know concrete practices of teaching entrepreneurship, as well as the professional/academic background of teachers, in order to fill gaps observed in the literature on the subject. Method: data collection of entrepreneurship teachers recognized for their classroom practice (selected by the snowball procedure), through 10 semi-structured and in-depth interviews, examined by the content analysis technique. Results: identification of 30 best practices, categorized according to their emphases and respective bases, highlighted here in parentheses. They are: (a) learning (projects), (b) learning (problems), (c) reflective exercises, (d) expository (cases), (e) expository (invited entrepreneurs), and (f) expository (debates and quizzes). After detailing the activities, findings about the teachers' background were presented, in a complementary way, such as entrepreneurial experience, professional and international experiences, corroborating the existing literature on the subject. Theoretical/methodological contributions: by presenting boundaries, in terms of classroom approaches, the best practices contribute to the literature, as they strengthen the arguments in favor of experiential models, as well as project-based or problem-based learning. In addition, the results confirm what the literature points out in relation to the antecedents of entrepreneurship teachers. Originality/Relevance: this study deepens the understanding of best practices in entrepreneurship education, something previously mentioned as superficial and generic (Gedeon, 2014). Social/managerial contributions: the results allow entrepreneurship teachers to replicate best practices within their educational settings, as the paper provides a wide range of detailed pedagogical practices that they might employ.
JEL Code: L23, I23, I28 e I25
Downloads
References
Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.195
Alves, A. C., Fischer, B., Schaeffer, P. R., & Queiroz, S. (2019). Determinants of student entrepreneurship. Innovation & Management Review, 16(2), 96-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-02-2018-0002.
Atkinson, R., & Flint, J. (2001). Accessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies. Social Research Update, 33(1), 1-4. https://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU33.PDF
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta–analytic review. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 38(2), 217-254. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fetap.12095
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bin, A., Gavira, M., Figueira O., J. B., de Carvalho, T. M. B., Salles-Filho, S. L. M., & Colugnati, F. A. B. (2018). Profile of academic entrepreneurship in Brazil: Evidence from the evaluation of former holders of undergraduate research, master and PhD scholarships. Innovation & Management Review, 15(4), 394-415. https://www.revistas.usp.br/rai/article/view/153105
Blank, S. (2005). The four steps to the epiphany: successful strategies for products that win. California: John Wiley & Sons.
Bosma, N., Sanders, M., & Stam, E. (2018). Institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth in Europe. Small Business Economics, 51(2), 483-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0012-x
Breznitz, S. M., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Determinants of graduates’ entrepreneurial activity. Small Business Economics, 55(4), 1039-1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00171-8
Caregnato, R. C. A., & Mutti, R. (2006). Pesquisa qualitativa: análise de discurso versus análise de conteúdo. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 15(4), 679-684. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072006000400017
Celuch, K., Bourdeau, B., & Winkel, D. (2017). Entrepreneurial identity: The missing link for entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 20(2), 1-20. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/entrepreneurial-identity-the-missing-link-for-entrepreneurship-education-6657.html
Chen, Y. S., Watson, E., Cornacchione, E., & Azevedo, R. F. L. (2013). “Flying High, Landing Soft”: An Innovative Entrepreneurial Curriculum for Chinese SMEs Going Abroad. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 122-143. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCE-10-2012-0025
Cooper, S., Bottomley, C., & Gordon, J. (2004). Stepping out of the classroom and up the ladder of learning: An experiential learning approach to entrepreneurship education. Industry and Higher education, 18(1), 11-22. http://doi.org/10.5367/000000004773040924
Dal-Soto, F., de Souza, Y., & Benner, M. (2021). The Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Transformation of Universities. Brazilian Business Review,18(3), 255-277 https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2021.18.3.2
Dantas, A. (2016). Análise de conteúdo: Um caso de aplicação ao estudo dos valores e representações sociais (pp. 261-286). In M. Lisboa (Ed.), Metodologias de investigação sociológica: problemas e soluções a partir de estudos empíricos. Ribeirão, Portugal: Edições Húmus. https://research.unl.pt/ws/portalfiles/portal/3309477/Ana_Roque_Dantas_analiseconteudo_metodologias.pdf
Diegoli, R. B., Gutierrez, H. S. M., & Salmones, M. M. G. (2018). Teachers as entrepreneurial role models the impact of a teacher's entrepreneurial experience and student learning styles in entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(1), 1-11. https://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/handle/10902/13731
Dominik, M. T., & Banerji, D. (2018). US community college entrepreneurship educator practices. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(2), 228-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-06-2018-0174
Edwards, A. L. (1953). The relationship between the judged desirability of a trait and the probability that the trait will be endorsed. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058073
Etzkowitz, H. (2013). StartX and the ‘Paradox of Success’: Filling the gap in Stanford’s entrepreneurial culture. Social Science Information, 52(4), 605-627. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018413498833
Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(7-8), 692-701, http://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2013.821318
Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of small business management, 53(1), 75-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
Fellnhofer, K. (2019). Toward a taxonomy of entrepreneurship education research literature: A bibliometric mapping and visualization. Educational Research Review, 27, 28-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.10.002
Ferrandiz, J., Fidel, P., & Conchado, A. (2018). Promoting entrepreneurial intention through a higher education program integrated in an entrepreneurship ecosystem. International Journal of Innovation Science, 10(1), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijis-09-2017-0089
Fiet, J. O. (2001). The pedagogical side of entrepreneurship theory. Journal of business venturing, 16(2), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00042-7
Furman, N., & Sibthorp, J. (2013). Leveraging experiential learning techniques for transfer. New directions for adult and continuing education, (137), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.20041
Gedeon, S. A. (2014). Application of best practices in university entrepreneurship education. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(3), 231-253. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-05-2013-0058
Gentry, J. W. (1990). What is experiential learning? (pp. 9-12). In Guide to business gaming and experiential learning. Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning (ABSEL). New York: Nichols Pub Co. https://wmich.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/u5/2013/WHAT%20IS%20EXPERIENTIAL%20%20LEARNING%3F%20%20.pdf
Gorgievski, M. J., Stephan, U., Laguna, M., & Moriano, J. A. (2018). Predicting entrepreneurial career intentions: values and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of career assessment, 26(3), 457-475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072717714541
Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., Fayolle, A., Klofsten, M., & Mian, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial universities: emerging models in the new social and economic landscape. Small Business Economics, 47(3), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9755-4
Hägg, G., & Gabrielsson, J. (2019). A systematic literature review of the evolution of pedagogy in entrepreneurial education research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(5), 829-861. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2018-0272
Hannon, P. D. (2006). Teaching pigeons to dance: sense and meaning in entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training, 48(5), pp. 296-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910610677018
Hannon, P. D. (2018). On becoming and being an entrepreneurship educator: a personal reflection. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 30(7-8), 698-721, https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1464259
Henry, C. (2020). Reconceptualizing the role of the future entrepreneurship educator: an exploration of the content challenge. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(9-10), 657-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2020.1737416
Huq, A., & Gilbert, D. (2017). All the world’s a stage: transforming entrepreneurship education through design thinking. Education+Training, 59(2), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2015-0111
Ikeda, A. A. (2009). Considerações sobre pesquisa qualitativa em administração. REGE Revista de Gestão, 16(3), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.5700/issn.2177-8736.rege.2009.36677
Ilonen, S. (2021). Creating an entrepreneurial learning environment for entrepreneurship education in HE: The educator’s perspective. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 518-530. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222211020637
Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education: A study of Iranian students' entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity identification. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 187-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12137
Kerr, S. P., Kerr, W. R., & Xu, T. (2017). Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3386/w24097
Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson FT Press.
Lackéus, M., Lundqvist, M. and Middleton, K.W. (2016), "Bridging the traditional progressive education rift through entrepreneurship", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 22 No. 6, pp.777-803. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2016-0072
Lin, J., & Nabergoj, A. S. (2014). A resource-based view of entrepreneurial creativity and its Implication in entrepreneurship education. Economic and Business Review, 6(2), 163-183. http://ojs.ebrjournal.net/ojs/index.php/ebr/article/view/268/pdf_7
Linton, G., & Klinton, M. (2019). University entrepreneurship education: a design thinking approach to learning. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-018-0098-z
Lopes, R., & Lima, E. (2019). Desafios atuais e caminhos promissores para a pesquisa em empreendedorismo. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 59(4), 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020190406
Mandel, R., & Noyes, E. (2016). Survey of experiential entrepreneurship education offerings among top undergraduate entrepreneurship programs. Education + Training, 58(2)2, 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2014-0067
Maresch, D., Harms, R., Kailer, N., & Wimmer-Wurm, B. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs. Technological forecasting and social change, 104, 172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.006
Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of business venturing, 28(2), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002
McNally, J., Honig, B., & Martin, B. (2018). A Preliminary Exploration of the Development of Wisdom in Entrepreneurship Education. Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas, 7(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.14211/regepe.v7i1.797
Mills, J. E., & Treagust, D. F. (2003). Engineering education – Is problem-based or project-based learning the answer. Australasian journal of engineering education, 3(2), 2-16. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/aeipt.132462
Morris, M. H., Shirokova, G., & Tsukanova, T. (2017). Student entrepreneurship and the university ecosystem: A multi-country empirical exploration. European Journal of International Management, 11(1), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2017.081251
Nabi, G., & Liñán, F. (2011). Graduate entrepreneurship in the developing world: intentions, education and development. Education+ Training, 53(5), 325-334. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911111147668
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277-299. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026
Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Liñán, F., Akhtar, I., & Neame, C. (2018). Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), 452-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1177716
Neck, H. M., & Corbett, A. C. (2018). The scholarship of teaching and learning entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 8-41.
Noyes, E. (2018). Teaching entrepreneurial action through prototyping: The prototype-it challenge. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 118-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127417737289
Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European economic review, 54(3), 442-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
Politis, D. (2005). The process of entrepreneurial learning: A conceptual framework. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(4), 399-424.
Rasmussen, E., & Wright, M. (2015). How can universities facilitate academic spin-offs? An entrepreneurial competency perspective. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40(5), 782-799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-014-9386-3
Ribeiro, A. T. V. B., & Plonski, G. A. (2020). Educação Empreendedora: o que dizem os artigos mais relevantes? Proposição de uma revisão de literatura e panorama de pesquisa. Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas, 9(1), 10-41. https://doi.org/10.14211/regepe.v9i1.1633
Rideout, E. C., & Gray, D. O. (2013). Does entrepreneurship education really work? A review and methodological critique of the empirical literature on the effects of university‐based entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 329-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12021
Rocha, E. L. D. C., & Freitas, A. A. F. (2014). Avaliação do ensino de empreendedorismo entre estudantes universitários por meio do perfil empreendedor. Revista de Administração contemporânea, 18(4), 465-486. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20141512
Ruskovaara, E., & Pihkala, T. (2013). Teachers implementing entrepreneurship education: classroom practices. Education+ Training, 55(2), 204-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911311304832
Sarasvathy, S. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/259121
Schmidt, H. G., Rotgans, J. I., & Yew, E. H. (2011). The process of problem‐based learning: what works and why. Medical education, 45(8), 792-806. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04035.x
Seelig, T. (2009). What I wish I knew when I was 20. Pymble, NSW; New York: HarperCollins E-books.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of management review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
Shirokova, G., Tsukanova, T., & Morris, M. H. (2018). The moderating role of national culture in the relationship between university entrepreneurship offerings and student start‐up activity: an embeddedness perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 103-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12363
Silva, J. F., & Patrus, R. (2017). The “ABC” of Entrepreneurship Education: A Literature Review about Methods and Practices of Entrepreneurial Education. Iberoamerican Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 6(2), 372-401. https://doi.org/10.14211/regepe.v6i2.563
Solomon, G. (2007). An examination of entrepreneurship education in the United States. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 14(2), 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000710746637
Taatila, V. P. (2010). Learning entrepreneurship in higher education. Education+Training, 52(1), 48-61. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011017672
Urbano, D., Aparicio, S., & Audretsch, D. (2019). Twenty-five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: what has been learned? Small Business Economics, 53(1), 21-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0038-0
Urbano, D., Aparicio, S., Guerrero, M., Noguera, M., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2017). Institutional determinants of student employer entrepreneurs at Catalan universities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123, 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.06.021
Weaver, M., Dickson, P., & Solomon, G. (2006). Entrepreneurship and education: what is known and not known about the links between education and entrepreneurial activity (pp. 113-156). The small business economy: A report to the president. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/sb_econ2006.pdf
Westhead, P., & Solesvik, M. Z. (2016). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: Do female students benefit? International Small Business Journal, 34(8), 979-1003. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615612534
Wright, M., Siegel, D. S., & Mustar, P. (2017). An emerging ecosystem for student start-ups. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(4), 909-922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9558-z
Zancul, E. D. S., Sousa-Zomer, T. T., & Cauchick-Miguel, P. A. (2017). Project-based learning approach: improvements of an undergraduate course in new product development. Production, 27(SPE). http://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.225216
Zhou, M., & Xu, H. (2012). A review of entrepreneurship education for college students in China. Administrative Sciences, 2(1), 82-98. http://doi.org/10.3390/admsci2010082
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 747 PDF (Português (Brasil)) downloads: 220 PDF downloads: 115
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Artur Tavares Vilas Boas Ribeiro, Cesar Alves Ferragi, Maria Angelica do Carmo Zanotto, André Coimbra Felix Cardoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0
License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; -
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.
