Intrapreneurial behavior and intrapreneurial organizational culture: An analysis of the influence on project success

Tatiana Carneiro da Cunha de Elias; Cristina Dai Prá Martens; Flávio Santino Bizarrias

doi:10.14211/regepe.esbj.e2500

Authors

Tatiana Carneiro da Cunha de Elias tati1718@gmail.com
Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-3843
Cristina Dai Prá Martens cristinadpmartens@gmail.com
Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-9786
Flávio Santino Bizarrias flavioxsp@hotmail.com
Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-7820

DOI:

10.14211/regepe.esbj.e2500

Keywords:

Intrapreneurship, Project Success, Intrapreneurial Organizational Culture, Team, Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract

Objective: Despite the great academic and practical interest in intrapreneurship, there are few studies that relate it to project success. The objective of this study is to determine the moderating influence of intrapreneurial organizational culture on intrapreneurial behavior and its relationships with project success. The study also aims to establish the heterogeneous profiles of intrapreneurship, and their different effects on the success of projects. Method: a survey approach was used, with data analysis by structural equation modeling, linear regression for moderation tests, and latent class analysis for the heterogeneous classification of the sample of 284 project participants in terms of intrapreneurship. Theoretical contributions: the results show that there is influence of intrapreneurship of professionals on project success. On the other hand, a weak or average intrapreneurial organizational culture reduces the strength of the relationship between intrapreneurship and project success. The study also identifies three heterogeneous profiles of intrapreneurs, and that organizational culture increases the possibility of project success, even for individuals with a low profile for intrapreneurship. Originality: this study pioneerly analyzes the relationship between individual and organizational intrapreneurship, as culture, for project success, directly and indirectly, with a diversified methodology. Contributions to management: the study suggests for practice the importance of intrapreneurial behavior for the success of projects, and the relevance of stimulating an intrapreneurial organizational culture, capable of mobilizing even less entrepreneurial individuals, to the extent that naturally intrapreneurial individuals are scarce.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Translation

This article is a translation in English of the article: Comportamento intraempreendedor e cultura organizacional intraempreendedora: Uma análise sobre a influência no sucesso de projetos

Author Biographies

Tatiana Carneiro da Cunha de Elias, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

holds a Master's degree in Administration and Project Management from the Nove de Julho University, awarded in 2019, and is a specialist in Strategic Administration from FIA. She also has a degree in Accounting and IT Technology. She has over 15 years' experience in IT systems projects and works as a project manager. She won the Mundo PM 2020 award in the best academic paper category and received an honorable mention for best dissertations at Singep & CIK in 2020. Research interests: intrapreneurship, project success and organizational culture.

Cristina Dai Prá Martens, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

holds a PhD in Business Administration, in the area of Information and Decision Support Systems, from PPGA/EA/UFRGS (2009), with a thesis on Entrepreneurial Orientation; Post-doctorate at CERAG/UPMF-Université Pierre Mendès-France (Grenoble-France - 2010), in the area of Entrepreneurship and Strategy. He has a Master's degree in Business Administration, with an emphasis on Information and Decision Support Systems, from PPGA/EA/UFRGS (2001); Specialization in University Management, from Centro Universitário UNIVATES (2006); Degree in Business Administration from UPF-Universidade de Passo Fundo (1994); Training in Group Dynamics from SBDG (2004). CNPq Research Productivity Fellow PQ-2, with a project approved in CNPq Call No. 09/2020. She has been coordinating the Postgraduate Program in Project Management - PPGP at the Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE (since 2012), comprising the Master's and Professional Doctorate courses in Administration - Project Management. He is also a permanent lecturer in the Postgraduate Program in Administration - PPGA, at UNINOVE. He teaches the following subjects: Frontiers of Knowledge in Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Orientation, Dissertation Project Seminar, Professional Thesis Seminar. He is the leader of the Project Management Research Group (PPGP-UNINOVE), a member of the Entrepreneurship and Small Organizations Research Group (PPGA-UNINOVE) and the Interinstitutional Research Group on the Adoption of New Information Technologies (GIANTI-PPGA/EA/UFRGS). She is editor-in-chief of the journal Inovação, Projetos e Tecnologias - IPTEC. Her areas of interest are: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Project Management, IT Adoption, Mobility and Mobile Technologies, Digital Transformation.

Flávio Santino Bizarrias, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

is a Professor and Researcher in the Postgraduate Program in Project Management (PPGP) at the Nove de Julho University in the line of Project Strategy, a professor of higher education at the Nove de Julho University. He also works as a business consultant, applying scientific knowledge to the challenges facing organizations. He holds a post-doctorate in International Marketing from ESPM-SP, a doctorate in Business Administration (2017) and a master's degree in Business Administration (2014) from Nove de Julho University. I have a specialization in Marketing from ESPM-SP and a degree in Business Administration from Mackenzie Presbyterian University (2000). I work mainly on the following research topics: marketing and project management, consumer behavior, implicit (automatic) brand attitudes, crowding, and consumer identity. I have professional experience in Business Administration, with an emphasis on Marketing. Computer program registration: Full TAI - Implicit Associations Test, INPI, 2020. Leader of the Marketing, Applied Research theme at EnAnpad 2021 and 2022, and of the Marketing Strategy and Innovation theme at Emprad 2021 and 2022, and of the Marketing line at Singep 2022. Scientific editor of Revista de Gestão e Projetos, ISSN 2236-0972.

References

Abu-Jarad, I. Y., Yusof, N. A., & Nikbin, D. (2010). A review paper on organizational culture and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(3).
Ahmad, N. H., Nasurdin, A. M., & Zainal, S. R. M. (2012). Nurturing intrapreneurship to enhance job performance: the role of pro-intrapreneurship organizational architecture. Journal of Innovation Management in Small & Medium Enterprises. https://doi.org/10.5171/2012.868880
Albert, M., Balve, P., & Spang, K. (2017). Evaluation of project success: a structured literature review. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 10(4), pp. 796-821.
Antoncic, J. A., & Antoncic, B. (2011). Employee satisfaction, intrapreneurship and firm growth: a model. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 111(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571111133560.
Badoiu, G. A., Segarra-Ciprés, M., & Escrig-Tena, A. B. (2020). Understanding employees’ intrapreneurial behavior: a case study. Personnel Review, 49(8), 1677-1694. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2019-0201
Bau, F., & Wagner, K. (2015). Measuring corporate entrepreneurship culture. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 25(2), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2015.069287.
Bavik, A. (2016). Developing a new hospitality industry organizational culture scale. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 58, 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.07.005.
Behling, O., & Law, K. S. (2000). Translating questionnaires and other research instruments: Problems and solutions. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications, Inc. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412986373.
Bido, D., Silva, D., Souza, C. A., & Godoy, A. S. (2010). Mensuração com indicadores formativos nas pesquisas em administração de empresas: Como lidar com a multicolinearidade entre eles? Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 11(2), 245-269. https://doi.org/10.13058/raep.2010.v11n2.145.
Bierwerth, M., Schwens, C., Isidor, R., & Kabst, R. (2015). Corporate entrepreneurship and performance: a meta-analysis. Small Business Economics, 45(2), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9629-1.
Blanka, C. (2019). An individual-level perspective on intrapreneurship: a review and ways forward. Review of Managerial Science, 13(5), 919-951. https://doi:10.1007/s11846-018-0277-0.
Burström, T., & Wilson, T. (2015a). Exploring the relationship between flagship platform projects and intrapreneurial self-renewal activities: managing intrapreneurial equivocality. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 38, 37-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.07.001.
Burström, T., & Wilson, T. (2015b). Intrapreneurial ambidexterity: a platform project, Swedish approach. Management Research Review, 38(11), 1172-1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-06-2014-0130.
Camelo-Ordaz, C., Fernandez-Alles, M., Ruiz-Navarro, J., & Sousa-Ginel, E. (2011). The intrapreneur and innovation in creative firms. International Small Business Journal, 30(5), 513–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610385396.
Carvalho, M. M., & Rabechini Jr., R. (2017). Fundamentos em gestão de projetos: construindo competências para gerenciar projetos. São Paulo, Atlas, 4a ed.
Cervone, H. F. (2014). Effective communication for project success. OCLC Systems and Services: International digital library perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1108/OCLC-02-2014-0014
Chan, K. Y., Ho, M. H. R., Kennedy, J. C., Uy, M. A., Kang, B. N., Chernyshenko, O. S., & Yu, K. Y. T. (2017). Who wants to be an intrapreneur? Relations between employees’ entrepreneurial, professional, and leadership career motivations and intrapreneurial motivation in organizations. Frontiers in psychology, 2041. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02041
Chou, D. C. (2018). Applying design thinking method to social entrepreneurship project. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 55, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2017.05.001
Cui, X., & Hu, J. (2012). A literature review on organization culture and corporate performance. International Journal of Business Administration, 3(2), 28-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v3n2p28
De Wit, A. (1988). Measurement of project success. International Journal of Project Management, 6(3), 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7863(88)90043-9
Deprez, J., & Euwema, M. (2017). You can’t always get what you want? Leadership expectations of intrapreneurs. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32(6), 430–444. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-04-2016-0107.
Deprez, J., Leroy, H., & Euwema, M. (2018). Three chronological steps toward encouraging intrapreneurship: lessons from the Wehkamp case. Business Horizons, 61(1), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.013.
Derakhshan, R., Turner, R., & Mancini, M. (2019). Project governance and stakeholders: a literature review. International Journal of Project Management, 37(1), 98-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.10.007
Douglas, E. J., & Fitzsimmons, J. R. (2012). Intrapreneurial intentions versus entrepreneurial intentions: distinct constructs with different antecedents. Small Business Economics, 41(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9419-y.
Dovey, K., & McCabe, B. (2014). The politics of innovation: realizing the value of intrapreneurs. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 11(3). http://doi.org/185.doi:10.1504/ijlic.2014.063886.
Dung, L. T., & Giang, H. T. T. (2021). The effect of international intrapreneurship on firm export performance with driving force of organizational factors. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 37(11), 2185-2204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2021-0018
Dvir, D., Raz, T., & Shenhar, A. J. (2003). An empirical analysis of the relationship between project planning and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 21(2), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00012-1
Englund, R., & Graham, R. J. (2019). Creating an environment for successful projects. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Farrukh, M., Chong, W. Y., Mansori, S., & Ravan Ramzani, S. (2017). Intrapreneurial behaviour: the role of organizational commitment. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(3), 243–256. http://doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-03-2017-0016.
Feldmann, A., & Teuteberg, F. (2019). Intrapreneurship: outside the project box and into the unknown. Journal of Business Strategy, 41(3), pp. 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-02-2019-0035
Felício, J. A., Rodrigues, R., & Caldeirinha, V. R. (2012). The effect of intrapreneurship on corporate performance. Management Decision, 50(10), 1717–1738. http://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211279567.
Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Personal costs and benefits of employee intrapreneurship: disentangling the employee intrapreneurship, well-being, and job performance relationship, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(4), https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000105.
Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2019). Measuring intrapreneurship at the individual level: development and validation of the employee intrapreneurship scale (EIS). European Management Journal, 37(6), 806-817. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.03.001.
Gursoy, A., & Guven, B. (2016). Effect of innovative culture on intrapreneurship. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(1), 152-162.
Hair Jr., J.F.; William, B.; Babin, B.; and Anderson, R.E (2019). Multivariate data analysis. 8th.ed. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. 3th ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F., & Montoya, A. K. (2017). A tutorial on testing, visualizing, and probing an interaction involving a multicategorical variable in linear regression analysis. Communication Methods and Measures, 11(1), 1-30. http://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2016.1271116.
Hayton, J. C., & Cacciotti, G. (2013). Is there an entrepreneurial culture? A review of empirical research. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9-10), 708-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2013.862962
Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2016). The relationship between project governance and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), 613-626.
Kamil, N. L. M., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2016). Entrepreneurial behavior in Malaysian Commercial Banks: the role of emotional intelligence, job autonomy, perceived organizational support, and organizational commitment, Australian Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 2(1), 35-44.
Klofsten, M., Urbano, D., & Heaton, S. (2021). Managing intrapreneurial capabilities: An overview. Technovation, 99, 102177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102177
Kuratko, D., & Audretsch, D. (2013). Clarifying the domains of corporate entrepreneurship, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0257-4.
Lages, M., Marques, C. S., Ferreira, J. J. M., & Ferreira, F. A. F. (2016). Intrapreneurship and firm entrepreneurial orientation: insights from the health care service industry. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(3), 837–854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0428-1.
Mahmoud, M. A., Ahmad, S., & Poespowidjojo, D. A. L. (2020). Intrapreneurial behavior, big five personality and individual performance. Management Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2019-0419.
Manimala, M. J., Jose, P. D., & Thomas, K. R. (2006). Organizational Constraints on Innovation and Intrapreneurship: Insights from Public Sector. Vikalpa, 31(1), 49–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060104.
Martens, M. L. & Carvalho, M. M. (2016) Sustainability and success variables in the project management context. Project Management Journal, 47(6), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/87569728160470060.
Martens, C. D. P., Machado, F. J., Martens, M. L., Silva, F. Q. P. O., & Freitas, H. M. R. (2018). Linking entrepreneurial orientation to project success, International Journal of Project Management, 36(2), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.10.005.
Mesa, H. A., Molenaar, K. R., & Alarcón, L. F. (2019). Comparative analysis between integrated project delivery and lean project delivery. International journal of project management, 37(3), 395-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.01.012
Mir, F. A., & Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.05.012
Müller, R., & Turner, R. (2007). The influence of project managers on project success criteria and project success by type of project. European Management Journal, 25(4), 298-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.06.003
Murthy, C., Padhi, S. S., Gupta, N., & Kapil, K. (2016). An empirical investigation of the antecedents of value co-creation in B2B IT services outsourcing. Business Process Management Journal, 22(3), 484-506. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-05-2015-0064.
Nair, S. R. (2020). The link between women entrepreneurship, innovation and stakeholder engagement: A review. Journal of Business Research, 119, 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.038
Pollack, J., Helm, J., & Adler, D. (2018). What is the Iron Triangle, and how has it changed? International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 11(2), 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-09-2017-0107.
Prieto, L. C., Phipps, S. T., & Kungu, K. (2020). Facilitating a culture of intrapreneurship: an employee involvement approach. Strategic HR Review, 19(2), 93-95. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-04-2020-181
Rigtering, J., & Weitzel, U. (2013). Work Context and Employee Behavior as Antecedents for Intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 337-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2212060.
Ringle, C. M., Silva, D. D., & Bido, D. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with the SmartPLS. REMark: Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i2.2717.
Sakalauskas, E. C., Martens, C. D. P., Bizarrias, F. S., & Martens, M. L. (2023). Individual intrapreneurial behavior effect on project success: Profiles and distinct outcomes. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 20(1), e220090. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2023220090
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becker, J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27, 197-211.
Saunders, M.; Lewis., P; Thornill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. (5.ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Education
Serrador, P., & Turner, R. (2015). The relationship between project success and project efficiency. Project Management Journal, 46(1), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21468
Seshadri, D. V., & Tripathy, A. (2006). Innovation through Intrapreneurship: The Road Less Travelled. Vikalpa, 31(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060102.
Shenhar, A., & Dvir, D. (2007). Reinventing project management: The diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Sinha, N., & Srivastava, K. B. (2016). Perceived innovation championing strategies and intrapreneurial orientation. Journal of Management Research, 16(2), 77-86.
Smith, L., Ress, P., & Murray, N. (2016). Turning entrepreneurs into intrapreneurs: Thomas Cook, a case-study, Tourism Management, 56, 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.04.005.
Sundarbabu, S., & Venkatachalam, S. (2021, July). Intrapreneurship skills are required to be a project manager. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2378, No. 1, p. 020005). AIP Publishing LLC.
Taştan, S. B., & Güçel, C. (2014). Explaining Intrapreneurial Behaviors of Employees with Perceived Organizational Climate and Testing the Mediating Role of Organizational Identification: A Research Study among Employees of Turkish Innovative Firms. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 862–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.095.
Teece, D. J. (2000). Managing Intellectual Capital: Organizational, Strategic, and Policy Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tian, M., Deng, P., Zhang, Y., & Salmador, M. P. (2018). How does culture influence innovation? A systematic literature review. Management Decision, 56(5), 1088-1107. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0462
Turner, J. R., & Müller, R. (2005). The project manager's leadership style as a success factor on projects: A literature review. Project Management Journal, 36(2), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697280503600
Walmrath, A., Bertoni, V., Facó, R., & Costa, G. S. (2015). Análise dos fatores organizacionais que favorecem o intraempreendedorismo dentro de uma empresa: um estudo de caso. Espacios. 36(24).
Weller, B. E., Bowen, N. K., & Faubert, S. J. (2020). Latent Class Analysis: A Guide to Best Practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420930932