Overview of Scientific Production in Rural Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Study
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.v8i1.1165Keywords:
Rural Entrepreneurship, Family Agriculture, Rural FarmerAbstract
This article aims to analyze the panorama of publications on the theme of rural entrepreneurship through a bibliometric study. For this, 417 articles published on the Web of Science platform linked to the topic "rural entrepreneurship" in the English language were analyzed. It was traced the evolution of the publications through analysis of citations in all the articles published in the platform. The method allowed the identification of the most influential works, with the purpose of understanding the intellectual ties and the evolution, over the time, of the research on the proposed theme. The results obtained allowed the identification of the most cited authors and the formation of four groups of authors working on the topic of rural entrepreneurship. It was also possible to verify that the field of research focused on this theme is on the rise and that the use of the term "rural entrepreneurship" has been growing and consolidating in the academic world.
Downloads
References
Abramovay, R., Magalhães, R., & Schroder, M. (2010). Representatividade e inovação na governança dos processos participativos: o caso das organizações Brasileiras de agricultores familiares. Sociologias, v. 12(24), pp. 268-306. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-45222010000200010>. Acesso em: 25 out. 2017.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Orgnizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 50, pp. 179-211. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017.
Alemu, A. E., & Adesina, J. O. (2017). In Search of Rural Entrepreneurship: Non-farm Household Enterprises (NFEs) as Instruments of Rural Transformation in Ethiopia. African Development Review, v. 29(2). Disponivel em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12255>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2017.
Altafin, I. (2007). Reflexões sobre o conceito de Agricultura Familiar. Brasília: CDS/UnB., pp. 1-23.
Atterton, J. (2007). The “Strength of Weak Ties”: Social Networking by Business Owners in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland - Atterton - 2007 - Sociologia Ruralis - Wiley Online Library. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 47(3), pp. 228-245. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2007.00435.x>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2017.
Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2004). Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance. Regional Studies, v. 38(8), pp. 949-959. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280956>. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2017.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. Academy of Management Review, v. 13(3), pp. 442-453. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1988.4306970>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2017
Bosworth, G. (2012). Characterising rural businesses - Tales from the paperman. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 28(4), pp. 499-506. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.07.002>. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2017.
Brasil. (1996). Decreto no 1.946, de 28 de junho de 1996 - Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar - PRONAF, e dá outras providências. Congresso Nacional. Disponível em: Disponível em: <https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/d1946.htm>. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2017.
Brasil. (2006). Casa Civil. Lei nº. 11.326 de 24 de julho de 2006. Estabelece as diretrizes para a formulação da Política Nacional da Agricultura Familiar e Empreendimentos Familiares Rurais.
Chlosta, S., Patzelt, H., Klein, S. B., & Dormann, C. (2012). Parental role models and the decision to become self-employed: The moderating effect of personality. Small Business Economics, v. 38(1), pp. 121-138. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9270-y>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.
Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 18(3), pp. 301-331. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.
De Los Ríos-Carmenado, I., Ortuño, M., & Rivera, M. (2016). Private-Public Partnership as a tool to promote entrepreneurship for sustainable development: WWP torrearte experience. Sustainability (Switzerland), v. 8. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030199>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.
Dinis, A. (2006). Marketing and innovation: Useful tools for competitiveness in rural and peripheral areas. European Planning Studies, v. 14(1), pp. 9-22. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500339083>. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.
Dohse, D., & Walter, S. G. (2012). Knowledge context and entrepreneurial intentions among students. Small Business Economics, v. 39(4), pp. 877-895. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9324-9>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.
Driga, O., Lafuente, E., & Vaillant, Y. (2009). Reasons for the relatively lower entrepreneurial activity levels of rural women in Spain. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 49(1), pp. 70-96. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00475.x>. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2017.
Esparcia, J., Escribano, J., & Serrano, J. J. (2015). From development to power relations and territorial governance: Increasing the leadership role of LEADER Local Action Groups in Spain. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 42, pp. 29-42. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.005>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.
FAO. (2014). Ano Internacional da Agricultura Familiar 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.fao.org/family-farming-2014/home/what-is-family-farming/pt/>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas‐Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, v. 30(9), pp. 701-720. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590610715022>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.
Ferreira, M. P., Reis, N. R., & Miranda, R. (2015). Thirty years of entrepreneurship research published in top journals : analysis of citations , co-citations and themes. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, v. 3(3), pp. 205-209. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0035-6>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Flora, C. B., & Flora, J. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial Social Infrastructure: A Necessary Ingredient. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 529(1), pp. 48-58. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293529001005>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Fortunato, M. W. P., & Alter, T. R. (2016). Culture and entrepreneurial opportunity in high- and low-entrepreneurship rural communities: Challenging the discovery/creation divide. Journal of Enterprising Communities, v. 10(4). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-04-2015-0026>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Gasson, R., Crow, G., Errington, A., Hutson, J., Marsden, T., & Winter, D. M. (1988). The farm as a family business a review. The Farm as a Family Business: A Review - Journal of Agricultural Economics, v. 39(1), pp. 1-4.
Getz, D., & Carlsen, J. (2000). Characteristics and goals of family and owner-operated businesses in the rural tourism and hospitality sectors. Tourism Management, v. 21(6), pp. 547-560. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00004-2>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Gibson, D. E. (2004). Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, v. 65(1), pp. 134-156. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00051-4>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, v. 91(3), pp. 481-510. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470755679.ch5>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. In: Social Networks, pp. 347-367. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889712000130>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman. 688p.
Henry, C., & McElwee, G. (2014). Defining and conceptualising rural enterprise. Contemporary Issues. In: Entrepreneurship Research, v. 4. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620140000004001>. Acesso em: 21 jan. 2018.
Jack, S. L., & Anderson, A. R. (2002). The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 17(5). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00076-3>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Kalantaridis, C., & Bika, Z. (2006a). In-migrant entrepreneurship in rural England: Beyond local embeddedness. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, v. 18(2), pp. 109-131. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620500510174>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
King, G., & Zeng, L. (2001). Explaining Rare Events in International Relations. International Organization, v. 55(3), pp. 693-715. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507597>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Krueger, N. F., & Deborah Brazeal, J. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, pp. 91-104. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1505244>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 15(5), pp. 411-432. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Labrianidis, L. (2006). Fostering entrepreneurship as a means to overcome barriers to development of rural peripheral areas in Europe. European Planning Studies, v. 14(1), pp. 3-8. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500339067>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Ladd, T. (2017). Business models at the bottom of the pyramid: Leveraging context in undeveloped markets. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 18(1). Disponível: <https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686242>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Lafuente, E., Vaillant, Y., & Rialp, J. (2007). Regional differences in the influence of role models: Comparing the entrepreneurial process of rural Catalonia. Regional Studies, v. 41(6). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120247>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Lamarche, H. (1993). A agricultura familiar: comparaçao internacional: Uma realidade multiforme. Tradução de Ângela Maria Naoko Tijiwa. Campinas - SP, pp. 11-33.
Langowitz, N., & Minniti, M. (2007). The entrepreneurial propensity of women. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, v. 31(3), pp. 341-364. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00177.x>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Lin, T.-Y., & Cheng, Y.-Y. (2010). Exploring the Knowledge Network of Strategic Alliance Research: a Co-Citation Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, v. 8(2), pp. 152-160. Disponível em: <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=52551640&site=ehost-live>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. (2009). Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Spedific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory an Practice, pp. 593-617.
Liñán, F., & Santos, F. J. (2007). Does social capital affect entrepreneurial intentions? International Advances in Economic Research, v. 13(4), pp. 443-453. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-007-9109-8>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Liñán, F., Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2011). Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, v. 23. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903233929>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Lordkipanidze, M., Brezet, H., & Backman, M. (2005). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 13(8). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.043>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Martinot, E., Chaurey, A., Lew, D., Moreira, J. R., & Wamukonya, N. (2002). Renewable energy markets in developing countries. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 27. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083444>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Matei, A. P., Swagemakers, P., Garcia, M. D. D., Da Silva, L. X., Ventura, F., & Milone, P. (2017). State support in Brazil for a local turn to food. Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 7(1). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7010005>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Mayer, H., Habersetzer, A., & Meili, R. (2016). Rural-urban linkages and sustainable regional development: The role of entrepreneurs in linking peripheries and centers. Sustainability (Switzerland), v. 8(8). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080745>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
McElwee, G. (2006). The enterprising farmer: A review of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, v. 167.
McElwee, G., & Bosworth, G. (2010). Exploring the Strategic Skills of Farmers Across a Typology of Farm Diversification Approaches. Journal of Farm Management, v. 13(12), pp. 819-838. Disponível em: <http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iagrm/jfm/2010/00000013/00000012/art00003>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
McKague, K., Wong, J., & Siddiquee, N. (2017). Social franchising as rural entrepreneurial ecosystem development: The case of Krishi Utsho in Bangladesh. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, v. 18(1). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686240>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Meccheri, N., & Pelloni, G. (2006). Rural entrepreneurs and institutional assistance: An empirical study from mountainous Italy. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, v. 18(5). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620600842113>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Naminse, E. Y., & Zhuang, J. (2018). Does farmer entrepreneurship alleviate rural poverty in China? Evidence from Guangxi Province. Plos One, v. 13(3), Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194912>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Nijkamp, P. (2003). Entrepreneurship in a Modern network economy. Regional Studies, 37(4), pp. 395-405. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000074424>. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2018.
Niska, M., Vesala, H. T., & Vesala, K. M. (2012). Peasantry and Entrepreneurship As Frames for Farming: Reflections on Farmers’ Values and Agricultural Policy Discourses. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 52(4), pp. 453-469. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00572.x>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Pato, M. L., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2016). Twenty Years of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Survey. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 56(1). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12058>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Pezzini, M. (2001). Rural policy lessons from OECD countries. International Regional Science Review, v. 24(1), pp. 134-145. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/016001701761013024>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Pinto, R. F., Guerrazzi, L. de C., Serra, B. de C., & Kniess, C. T. (2016). A Pesquisa em Administração Estratégica: Um Estudo Bibliométrico em Periódicos Internacionais de Estratégia no Período de 2008 A 2013. Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia, v. 15(2), pp. 22-37. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.5585/riae.v15i2.2334>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Quevedo-Silva, F., Santos, E. B., Brandão, M. M., & Vils, L. (2016). Estudo Bibliométrico: Orientações sobre sua Aplicação. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, v. 15(2), pp. 246-262. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v15i2.3274>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., & Chin, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: Data collection design and implementation 1998-2003. Small Business Economics, v. 24(3), pp. 205-231. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development (Cambridge.).
Schumpeter, J. A. (1982). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle (1912/1934).
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Enciclopédia Do Empreendedorismo, Disponível Em SSRN, pp. 72-90. Disponível em: <https://ssrn.com/abstract=1497759>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Skuras, D., Meccheri, N., Moreira, M. B., Rosell, J., & Stathopoulou, S. (2005). Entrepreneurial human capital accumulation and the growth of rural businesses: A four-country survey in mountainous and lagging areas of the European union. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 21(1), pp. 67-79. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2004.05.001>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 22(4), pp. 566-591. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Sternberg, R., & Wennekers, S. (2005). Determinants and effects of new business creation using global entrepreneurship monitor data. Small Business Economics, v. 24(3), pp. 193-203. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1974-z>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Tague-Sutcliffe, J. (1992). An introduction to informetrics. Information processing & management, 28(1), 1-3.
Terluin, I. J. (2003). Differences in economic development in rural regions of advanced countries: An overview and critical analysis of theories. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 19(3), pp. 327-344. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00071-2>. Acesso em: 30 ago. 2017.
Van der Ploeg, J. D., Renting, H., Brunori, G., Knickel, K., Mannion, J., Marsden, T. & Ventura, F. (2000). Rural Development: From Practices and Policies towards Theory. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 40(4), pp. 391-408. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00156>. Acesso em: 30 ago. 2017.
Veiga, J. E. Da. (2001). O Brasil rural ainda não encontrou seu eixo de desenvolvimento. Estudos Avançados, v. 15(43), pp. 101-119. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142001000300010>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Venkataraman, H., Vermeulen, P., Raaijmakers, A., & Mair, J. (2016). Market Meets Community: Institutional Logics as Strategic Resources for Development Work. Organization Studies, v. 37(5), pp. 709-733. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615613370>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 3(October), pp. 119-138. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1444184>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Wagner, J., & Sternberg, R. (2004). Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data. Annals of Regional Science, v. 38(2), pp. 219-240. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-004-0193-x>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Wanderley, M. D. (1998). O Brasil: agricultura familiar ou latifúndio. Lamarche, H. A. Agricultura Familiar. 2. ed. Campinas: Unicamp, 27-31.
Wanderley, M. D. N. B. (2003). Agricultura familiar e campesinato: rupturas e continuidade. Estudos Sociedade E Agricultura, outubro(21), v. 20.
Wennekers, S., & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking Enterpreneurship and Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, v. 13, pp. 27-55. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008063200484>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Westlund, H., & Bolton, R. (2003). Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, v. 21(2), pp. 77-113. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024009072>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Abramovay, R., Magalhães, R., & Schroder, M. (2010). Representatividade e inovação na governança dos processos participativos: o caso das organizações Brasileiras de agricultores familiares. Sociologias, v. 12(24), pp. 268-306. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-45222010000200010>. Acesso em: 25 out. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-45222010000200010
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Orgnizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 50, pp. 179-211. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Alemu, A. E., & Adesina, J. O. (2017). In Search of Rural Entrepreneurship: Non-farm Household Enterprises (NFEs) as Instruments of Rural Transformation in Ethiopia. African Development Review, v. 29(2). Disponivel em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12255>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12255
Altafin, I. (2007). Reflexões sobre o conceito de Agricultura Familiar. Brasília: CDS/UnB., pp. 1-23.
Atterton, J. (2007). The “Strength of Weak Ties”: Social Networking by Business Owners in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland - Atterton - 2007 - Sociologia Ruralis - Wiley Online Library. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 47(3), pp. 228-245. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2007.00435.x>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2007.00435.x
Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2004). Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance. Regional Studies, v. 38(8), pp. 949-959. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280956>. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280956
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. Academy of Management Review, v. 13(3), pp. 442-453. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1988.4306970>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
Bosworth, G. (2012). Characterising rural businesses - Tales from the paperman. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 28(4), pp. 499-506. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.07.002>. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.07.002
Brasil. (1996). Decreto no 1.946, de 28 de junho de 1996 - Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar - PRONAF, e dá outras providências. Congresso Nacional. Disponível em: Disponível em: <https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/d1946.htm>. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2017.
Brasil. (2006). Casa Civil. Lei nº. 11.326 de 24 de julho de 2006. Estabelece as diretrizes para a formulação da Política Nacional da Agricultura Familiar e Empreendimentos Familiares Rurais.
Chlosta, S., Patzelt, H., Klein, S. B., & Dormann, C. (2012). Parental role models and the decision to become self-employed: The moderating effect of personality. Small Business Economics, v. 38(1), pp. 121-138. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9270-y>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9270-y
Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 18(3), pp. 301-331. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
De Los Ríos-Carmenado, I., Ortuño, M., & Rivera, M. (2016). Private-Public Partnership as a tool to promote entrepreneurship for sustainable development: WWP torrearte experience. Sustainability (Switzerland), v. 8. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030199>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030199
Dinis, A. (2006). Marketing and innovation: Useful tools for competitiveness in rural and peripheral areas. European Planning Studies, v. 14(1), pp. 9-22. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500339083>. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500339083
Dohse, D., & Walter, S. G. (2012). Knowledge context and entrepreneurial intentions among students. Small Business Economics, v. 39(4), pp. 877-895. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9324-9>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9324-9
Driga, O., Lafuente, E., & Vaillant, Y. (2009). Reasons for the relatively lower entrepreneurial activity levels of rural women in Spain. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 49(1), pp. 70-96. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00475.x>. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00475.x
Esparcia, J., Escribano, J., & Serrano, J. J. (2015). From development to power relations and territorial governance: Increasing the leadership role of LEADER Local Action Groups in Spain. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 42, pp. 29-42. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.005>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.005
FAO. (2014). Ano Internacional da Agricultura Familiar 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.fao.org/family-farming-2014/home/what-is-family-farming/pt/>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas‐Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, v. 30(9), pp. 701-720. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590610715022>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590610715022
Ferreira, M. P., Reis, N. R., & Miranda, R. (2015). Thirty years of entrepreneurship research published in top journals : analysis of citations , co-citations and themes. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, v. 3(3), pp. 205-209. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0035-6>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Flora, C. B., & Flora, J. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial Social Infrastructure: A Necessary Ingredient. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 529(1), pp. 48-58. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293529001005>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293529001005
Fortunato, M. W. P., & Alter, T. R. (2016). Culture and entrepreneurial opportunity in high- and low-entrepreneurship rural communities: Challenging the discovery/creation divide. Journal of Enterprising Communities, v. 10(4). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-04-2015-0026>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-04-2015-0026
Gasson, R., Crow, G., Errington, A., Hutson, J., Marsden, T., & Winter, D. M. (1988). The farm as a family business a review. The Farm as a Family Business: A Review - Journal of Agricultural Economics, v. 39(1), pp. 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1988.tb00560.x
Getz, D., & Carlsen, J. (2000). Characteristics and goals of family and owner-operated businesses in the rural tourism and hospitality sectors. Tourism Management, v. 21(6), pp. 547-560. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00004-2>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00004-2
Gibson, D. E. (2004). Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, v. 65(1), pp. 134-156. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00051-4>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00051-4
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, v. 91(3), pp. 481-510. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470755679.ch5>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228311
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. In: Social Networks, pp. 347-367. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889712000130>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-442450-0.50025-0
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman. 688p.
Henry, C., & McElwee, G. (2014). Defining and conceptualising rural enterprise. Contemporary Issues. In: Entrepreneurship Research, v. 4. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620140000004001>. Acesso em: 21 jan. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620140000004001
Jack, S. L., & Anderson, A. R. (2002). The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 17(5). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00076-3>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00076-3
Kalantaridis, C., & Bika, Z. (2006a). In-migrant entrepreneurship in rural England: Beyond local embeddedness. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, v. 18(2), pp. 109-131. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620500510174>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620500510174
King, G., & Zeng, L. (2001). Explaining Rare Events in International Relations. International Organization, v. 55(3), pp. 693-715. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507597>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507597
Krueger, N. F., & Deborah Brazeal, J. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, pp. 91-104. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1505244>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 15(5), pp. 411-432. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Labrianidis, L. (2006). Fostering entrepreneurship as a means to overcome barriers to development of rural peripheral areas in Europe. European Planning Studies, v. 14(1), pp. 3-8. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500339067>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500339067
Ladd, T. (2017). Business models at the bottom of the pyramid: Leveraging context in undeveloped markets. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 18(1). Disponível: <https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686242>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686242
Lafuente, E., Vaillant, Y., & Rialp, J. (2007). Regional differences in the influence of role models: Comparing the entrepreneurial process of rural Catalonia. Regional Studies, v. 41(6). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120247>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120247
Lamarche, H. (1993). A agricultura familiar: comparaçao internacional: Uma realidade multiforme. Tradução de Ângela Maria Naoko Tijiwa. Campinas - SP, pp. 11-33.
Langowitz, N., & Minniti, M. (2007). The entrepreneurial propensity of women. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, v. 31(3), pp. 341-364. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00177.x>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00177.x
Lin, T.-Y., & Cheng, Y.-Y. (2010). Exploring the Knowledge Network of Strategic Alliance Research: a Co-Citation Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, v. 8(2), pp. 152-160. Disponível em: <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=52551640&site=ehost-live>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018.
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. (2009). Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Spedific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory an Practice, pp. 593-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Liñán, F., & Santos, F. J. (2007). Does social capital affect entrepreneurial intentions? International Advances in Economic Research, v. 13(4), pp. 443-453. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-007-9109-8>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-007-9109-8
Liñán, F., Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2011). Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, v. 23. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903233929>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903233929
Lordkipanidze, M., Brezet, H., & Backman, M. (2005). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 13(8). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.043>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.043
Martinot, E., Chaurey, A., Lew, D., Moreira, J. R., & Wamukonya, N. (2002). Renewable energy markets in developing countries. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, v. 27. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083444>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083444
Matei, A. P., Swagemakers, P., Garcia, M. D. D., Da Silva, L. X., Ventura, F., & Milone, P. (2017). State support in Brazil for a local turn to food. Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 7(1). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7010005>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7010005
Mayer, H., Habersetzer, A., & Meili, R. (2016). Rural-urban linkages and sustainable regional development: The role of entrepreneurs in linking peripheries and centers. Sustainability (Switzerland), v. 8(8). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080745>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080745
McElwee, G. (2006). The enterprising farmer: A review of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, v. 167.
McElwee, G., & Bosworth, G. (2010). Exploring the Strategic Skills of Farmers Across a Typology of Farm Diversification Approaches. Journal of Farm Management, v. 13(12), pp. 819-838. Disponível em: <http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iagrm/jfm/2010/00000013/00000012/art00003>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
McKague, K., Wong, J., & Siddiquee, N. (2017). Social franchising as rural entrepreneurial ecosystem development: The case of Krishi Utsho in Bangladesh. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, v. 18(1). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686240>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686240
Meccheri, N., & Pelloni, G. (2006). Rural entrepreneurs and institutional assistance: An empirical study from mountainous Italy. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, v. 18(5). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620600842113>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620600842113
Naminse, E. Y., & Zhuang, J. (2018). Does farmer entrepreneurship alleviate rural poverty in China? Evidence from Guangxi Province. Plos One, v. 13(3), Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194912>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194912
Nijkamp, P. (2003). Entrepreneurship in a Modern network economy. Regional Studies, 37(4), pp. 395-405. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000074424>. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000074424
Niska, M., Vesala, H. T., & Vesala, K. M. (2012). Peasantry and Entrepreneurship As Frames for Farming: Reflections on Farmers’ Values and Agricultural Policy Discourses. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 52(4), pp. 453-469. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00572.x>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00572.x
Pato, M. L., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2016). Twenty Years of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Survey. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 56(1). Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12058>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12058
Pezzini, M. (2001). Rural policy lessons from OECD countries. International Regional Science Review, v. 24(1), pp. 134-145. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/016001701761013024>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016001701761013024
Pinto, R. F., Guerrazzi, L. de C., Serra, B. de C., & Kniess, C. T. (2016). A Pesquisa em Administração Estratégica: Um Estudo Bibliométrico em Periódicos Internacionais de Estratégia no Período de 2008 A 2013. Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia, v. 15(2), pp. 22-37. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.5585/riae.v15i2.2334>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v15i2.2334
Quevedo-Silva, F., Santos, E. B., Brandão, M. M., & Vils, L. (2016). Estudo Bibliométrico: Orientações sobre sua Aplicação. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, v. 15(2), pp. 246-262. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v15i2.3274>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v15i2.3274
Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., & Chin, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: Data collection design and implementation 1998-2003. Small Business Economics, v. 24(3), pp. 205-231. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development (Cambridge.).
Schumpeter, J. A. (1982). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle (1912/1934).
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Enciclopédia Do Empreendedorismo, Disponível Em SSRN, pp. 72-90. Disponível em: <https://ssrn.com/abstract=1497759>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Skuras, D., Meccheri, N., Moreira, M. B., Rosell, J., & Stathopoulou, S. (2005). Entrepreneurial human capital accumulation and the growth of rural businesses: A four-country survey in mountainous and lagging areas of the European union. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 21(1), pp. 67-79. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2004.05.001>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2004.05.001
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 22(4), pp. 566-591. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002
Sternberg, R., & Wennekers, S. (2005). Determinants and effects of new business creation using global entrepreneurship monitor data. Small Business Economics, v. 24(3), pp. 193-203. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1974-z>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1974-z
Tague-Sutcliffe, J. (1992). An introduction to informetrics. Information processing & management, 28(1), 1-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(92)90087-G
Terluin, I. J. (2003). Differences in economic development in rural regions of advanced countries: An overview and critical analysis of theories. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 19(3), pp. 327-344. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00071-2>. Acesso em: 30 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00071-2
Van der Ploeg, J. D., Renting, H., Brunori, G., Knickel, K., Mannion, J., Marsden, T. & Ventura, F. (2000). Rural Development: From Practices and Policies towards Theory. Sociologia Ruralis, v. 40(4), pp. 391-408. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00156>. Acesso em: 30 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00156
Veiga, J. E. Da. (2001). O Brasil rural ainda não encontrou seu eixo de desenvolvimento. Estudos Avançados, v. 15(43), pp. 101-119. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142001000300010>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142001000300010
Venkataraman, H., Vermeulen, P., Raaijmakers, A., & Mair, J. (2016). Market Meets Community: Institutional Logics as Strategic Resources for Development Work. Organization Studies, v. 37(5), pp. 709-733. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615613370>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615613370
Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 3(October), pp. 119-138. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1444184>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.
Wagner, J., & Sternberg, R. (2004). Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data. Annals of Regional Science, v. 38(2), pp. 219-240. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-004-0193-x>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-004-0193-x
Wanderley, M. D. (1998). O Brasil: agricultura familiar ou latifúndio. Lamarche, H. A. Agricultura Familiar. 2. ed. Campinas: Unicamp, 27-31.
Wanderley, M. D. N. B. (2003). Agricultura familiar e campesinato: rupturas e continuidade. Estudos Sociedade E Agricultura, outubro(21), v. 20.
Wennekers, S., & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking Enterpreneurship and Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, v. 13, pp. 27-55. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008063200484>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008063200484
Westlund, H., & Bolton, R. (2003). Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, v. 21(2), pp. 77-113. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024009072>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024009072
Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship Theory an Practice, (617), pp. 387-407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
Wortman Jr, M. S. (1990 p.330). Rural entrepreneurship research: An integration into the entrepreneurship field. Agribusiness, 6(4), 329-344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199007)6:4<329::AID-AGR2720060405>3.0.CO;2-N
Zanin, L. M., & Silva, F. R. (2015). Evolução das Teorias que Suportam os Artigos Publicados em Empreendedorismo entre 1960 e 2013: Análise da rede de citação e co-citação. XXXIX Encontro Do ANPAD, (September 2015), pp. 1-20.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, v. 90(6), pp. 1.265-1.272. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 2460 PDF (Português (Brasil)) downloads: 869
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0 License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
-
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.