Transgenerational Entrepreneurship of the Family Businesses: Is it in the Blood or Not?
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.v8i2.1139Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, Family Businesses, Transgenerational Entrepreneurship, Focus GroupAbstract
Objective: This paper aims to understand the transgenerational entrepreneurship process in family businesses.
Method: This study was based on a qualitative research using three focus groups.
Originality/Relevance: Aspects related to the intergenerational entrepreneurship in the context of family businesses have drawn the attention of researchers who focus both on family businesses and entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze how entrepreneurship occurs across generations in order to overcome the simplification of research on entrepreneurship in the context of family business.
Results: This study allowed understanding the similarities and differences of transgenerational entrepreneurship in family businesses regarding five topics: relevance of the founder, challenges, governance, and influence of the heirs who are not involved in managing the family businesses.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study presents propositions with the aim to integrate entrepreneurship in the context of family businesses while highlighting the role of founders, heirs, their challenges and governance practices.
Downloads
References
Amorós, J., Bosma, N., & Levie, J.D. (2013). Ten years of global entrepreneurship monitor: accomplishments and prospects. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, v. 5, n. 2, pp. 120-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2013.053591
Anderson, A. R., Jack, S. L., & Dodd, S. D. (2005). The role of family members in entrepreneurial networks: Beyond the boundaries of the family firm. Family Business Review, v. 18, n. 2, pp. 135-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00037.x
Antheaume, N., Robic, P., & Barbelivien, D. (2013). French family business and longevity: Have they been conducting sustainable development policies before it became a fashion? Business History, v. 55, n. 6, pp. 942-962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2012.744583
Aronoff, C. (2004). Self-Perpetuation Family Organization Built on Values: Necessary Condition for Long-Term Family Business Survival. Family Business Review, v. 17, n. 1, pp. 55-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00003.x
Bardin, L. (2011). Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70.
Basco Rodrigo, J. T. (2006). La Investigación En La Empresa Familiar: "Un Debate Sobre La Existencia De Un Campo Independiente". Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa [en linea] 12 (Enero-Abril). Available in: <http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=274120878002>. Access in: 12 set. 2018.
Benavides-Velasco, C. A., Guzmán-Parra, V., & Quintana-García, C. (2011). Evolución de la literatura sobre empresa familiar como disciplina científica. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 78-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cede.2011.02.004
Bettinelli, C., Fayolle, A., & Randerson, K. (2014). Family entrepreneurship: a developing field. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, v. 10, n. 3, pp. 161-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000049
Bonti, M., & Cori, E., (2013). Intergenerational passages and firm longevity: evidence from Italian family SMEs, in AA.VV., The firm’s role in the economy. Does a growth-oriented model exist? Bari: Cacucci Editore.
Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E., & Strike, V. M. (2014). Dead Money: Inheritance Law and the Longevity of Family Firms. Family Business Special Issue, v. 38, n. 6, pp. 1261-1283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12123
Casillas, J. C., Moreno, A. M., & Barbero, J. L. (2010). A configurational approach of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and growth of family firms. Family Business Review, v. 23, n. 1, pp. 27-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509345159
Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Bergiel, E. B. (2009). An agency theoretic analysis of the professionalized family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, v. 33, pp. 355-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00294.x
Chang, E. P. C., Memili, E., Chrisman, J. J., Kellermanns, F. W., & Chua, J. H. (2009). Family social capital, venture preparedness, and start-up decisions: a study of Hispanic entrepreneurs in New England. Family Business Review, v. 22, n. 3, pp. 279-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509332327
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Sharma, P. (2005), Trends and Directions in the Development of a Strategic Management Theory of the Family Firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, v. 29, n. 5, pp. 555-576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00098.x
Chrisman, J. J., Sharma, P., Steier, L., & Chua, J. H. (2013). The Influence of family goals, governance, and resources on firm outcomes. Family Business Special Issue, v. 37, n. 6, pp. 1249-1261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12064
Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the Family Business by Behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, v. 23, n. 4, pp. 19-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
Chung, H., & Gale, J. (2009). Family Functioning and Self-Differentiation: A Cross-Cultural Examination. Contemporary Family Therapy, v. 31, n. 1, pp. 19-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-008-9080-4
Collis, J., & Hussey, R. (2009). Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. New York: Palgrave McMillan.
Cruz, A. D., Hamilton, E., & Jack, S. L. (2012). Understanding entrepreneurial cultures in family businesses: A study of family entrepreneurial teams in Honduras. Journal of Family Business Strategy, v. 3, n. 3, pp. 147-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.05.002
Dalla Costa, A. J. (2009). Sucessão e sucesso nas empresas familiares (2. ed). Curitiba: Juruá.
Davis, J. A. (2001). The Three Components of Family Governance. Research & Ideas: HBS Working Knowledge. Available in: <http://hbswk.hbs.edu/ item/2630.html>. Access in: 11 jun. 2018.
Davis, P. S., & Harveston, P. D. (2000). Internationalization and organizational growth: The impact of internet usage and technology involvement among entrepreneur-led family businesses. Family Business Review, v. 13, n. 2, pp. 107-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00107.x
De Falco, S. E., & Vollero, A. (2015). Sustainability, longevity and transgenerational value in family firms. The case of Amarelli. Sinergie, Italian Journal of Management, v. 33, n. 97, pp. 291-309.
De Massis, A., Chua, J., & Chrisman, J. (2008). Factors Preventing Intra-Family Succession. Family Business Review, v. 21, n. 2, pp. 183-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00118.x
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, v. 14, n. 4, pp. 532-550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4308385
Evert, R. E., Martin, J. A., McLeod, M. S., & Payne, G. T. (2016). Progress, Challenges, and the Path Ahead. Empirics in Family Business Research, v. 29, n. 1, pp. 17-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515593869
Feltham, T. S., Feltham, G., & Barnett, J. J. (2005). The Dependence of Family Businesses on a Single Decision-Maker. Journal of Small Business Management, v. 43, n. 1, pp. 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00122.x
Fernández Pérez, P., & Puig Raposo, N. (2007). Bonsais in a Wild Forest? A Historical Interpretation of the Longevity of Large Spanish Family Firms. Revista De Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, v. 25, n. 3, pp. 459-497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610900000203
Gaskill, L. (2001). A qualitative investigation into developmental relationships for small business apparel retailers: Networks, mentors and role models. The Qualitative Report, v. 6, n. 1. Available in: <http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR6-3/gaskill.html>. Access in: 12 feb. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2001.1995
Giovannoni, E., Maraghini, M. P., & Riccaboni, A. (2011). Transmitting Knowledge Across Generations: The Role of Management Accounting Practices. Family Business Review, v. 24, v. 2, pp. 126-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511406722
Goel, S., & Jones III, R. J. (2016). Entrepreneurial Exploration and Exploitation in Family Business: A Systematic Review and Future Directions. Family Business Review, v. 29, n. 1, pp. 94-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515625541
Hernández-Linares, R., & López-Fernández, M.C. (2018). Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Family Firm: Mapping the Field and Tracing a Path for Future Research. Family Business Review, v. 31, n. 3, pp. 318-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518781940
Hisrich, R. D., & Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship (5. ed). Boston: Irwin/McGraw Hill.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Sirmon, D. G., & Trahms, C. A. (2011). Strategic entrepreneurship: creating value for individuals, organizations, and society. Academy of Management Perspectives, v. 25, n. 2, pp. 57-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2011.61020802
Huybrechts, J., Voordeckers, W., & Lybaert, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial risk taking of private family firms: the influence of a nonfamily CEO and the moderating effect of CEO tenure. Family Business Review, v. 26, n. 2, pp. 161-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512469252
Ibrahim, A. B., McGuire, J., & Soufani, K. (2009). An empirical investigation of factors contributing to longevity of small family firms. Global Economy & Finance Journal, v. 2, n. 2, pp. 1-21.
Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., & Sirmon, D. G. (2003). A Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship: The Construct and its Dimensions. Journal of Management, v. 29, n. 6, pp. 963-989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063_03_00086-2
Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J., & Rau, S. (2015). Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 30, n. 1, pp. 29-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.07.001
Kayser, G., & Wallau, F. (2002). Industrial Family Businesses in Germany-Situation and Future. Family Business Review, v. 15, n. 2, pp. 111-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00111.x
Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A., Barnett, T., & Pearson, A. (2008). An exploratory study of family member characteristics and involvement: Effects on entrepreneurial behavior in the family firm. Family Business Review, v. 21, n. 1, pp. 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00107.x
Kraatz, M. S., & Block, E. S. (2008). Organizational implications of institutional pluralism. In: R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.) The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. (pp. 243-275). London: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200387.n10
Krueger, R. A. (1994). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. 2. ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Labaki, R., Michael-Tsabari, N., & Kay Zachary, R. (2013). 31 Emotional dimensions within the family business: towards a conceptualization. In: K. X. Smyrnios, P. Z. Poutziouris, & S. Goel. Handbook of Research in the Family Business (2. ed., Chapter 31, pp. 734-763). Cheltenham, UK: Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781009383.00047
Laspita, S., Breugst, N., Heblich, S., & Patzelt, H. (2012). Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 27, n. 4, pp. 414-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.11.006
Litz, R. A. (2008). Two Sides of a One-Sided Phenomenon: Conceptualizing the Family Business and Business Family as a Möbius Strip. Family Business Review, v. 21, n. 3, pp. 217-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865080210030104
Litz, R., Pearson, A., & Litchfield, S. (2012). Charting the future of family business research: perspectives from the field. Family Business Review, v. 25, n. 1, pp. 16-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511418489
Memili, E., Misra, K., Chang, E. P. C., & Chrisman, J. (2013). The propensity to use non-family managers compensation in family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, v. 3, n. 1, pp. 62-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20436231311326490
Merton, R., Fiske, M., & Kendall, P. L. (1956). The Focused Interview: A report of the bureau of applied social research. New York: Columbia University.
Michael-Tsabari, N., Labaki, R., & Zachary, R. K. (2014). Toward the Cluster Model: The Family Firm's Entrepreneurial Behavior Over Generations. Family Business Review, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 161-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486514525803
Miller, D., Lebreton-Miller, I., & Lester, R. H. (2011). Family and lone founder ownership and strategic behaviour: social context, identity, and institutional logics. Journal of Management Studies, v. 48, n. 1, pp. 1-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00896.x
Miller, D., Steier, L., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2016). What can Scholars of Entrepreneurship Learn from Sound Family Businesses? Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, v. 40, n. 3, pp. 445-455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12231
Morgan, D. L., & Krueger, R. A. (1998). Focus group kit. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Morris, M. H., Williams, R. O., Allen, J. A., & Avila, R. A. (1997). Correlates of success in family business transitions. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 12, n. 5, pp. 385-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00010-4
Nordqvist, M., Wennberg, K., Baù, M., & Hellerstedt, K. (2013). An entrepreneurial process perspective on succession in family firms. Small Business Economics, v. 40, n. 4, pp. 1087-1122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9466-4
O'Boyle Jr., E. H., Pollack, J. M., & Rutherford, M. W. (2012). Exploring the relation between family involvement and firms' financial performance: A meta-analysis of main and moderator effects. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 27, n. 1, pp. 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.09.002
Parker, S. C., & van Praag, M. (2012). The Entrepreneur's Mode of Entry: Business Takeover or New Venture Start? Journal of Business Venturing, v. 27, n. 1, pp. 31-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.08.002
Peters, M., & Kallmuenzer, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: The case of the hospitality industry. Current Issues in Tourism, v. 18, pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1053849
Pistrui, D., Welsch, H. P., & Roberts, J. S. (1997). The [re]-emergence of family businesses in the transforming Soviet bloc: Family contributions to entrepreneurship development in Romania. Family Business Review, v. 10, n. 3, pp. 221-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1997.00221.x
Pistrui, D., Huang, W., Oksoy, D., Jing, Z., & Welsch, H. (2001). Entrepreneurship in China: Characteristics, Attributes, and Family Forces Shaping the Emerging Private Sector. Family Business Review, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 141-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00141.x
Randerson, K., Bettinelli, C., Fayolle, A., & Anderson, A. (2015). Family entrepreneurship as a field of research: Exploring its contours and contents. Journal of Family Business Strategy, v. 6, n. 3, pp. 143-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.08.002
Sánchez Marin, G., Carrasco Hernández, A. J., Danvila del Valle, I., & Sastre Castillo, M. A. (2016). Organizational culture and family business: A configurational approach. European Journal of Family Business, v. 6, n. 2, pp. 99-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2017.05.002
Sardeshmukh, S. R., & Corbett, A. C. (2011). The Duality of Internal and External Development of Successors: Opportunity Recognition in Family Firms. Family Business Review, v. 24, n. 2, pp. 111-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486510391783
Schumpeter, J. A. (1983). The Theory of economic development. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Shane, S. A. (2000). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Shanker, M. C., & Astrachan, J. H. (1996). Myths and Realities: Family Businesses’ Contribution to the US Economy – A Framework for Assessing Family Business Statistics. Family Business Review, v. 9, n. 2, pp. 107-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00107.x
Shepherd, D., Williams, T. A., & Patzelt, H. (2014). Thinking About Entrepreneurial Decision Making: Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, v. 41, n. 1, pp. 11-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314541153
Stafford, K., Duncan, K., Danes, S., & Winter, M. (1999). A Research Model of Sustainable Family Business. Family Business Review, v. 12, n. 3, pp. 197-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00197.x
Stake, R. E. (1998). Case studies. In: N. Denzin, & Y. Lincoln. (Eds.), Strategies of qualitative inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Stamm, I., & Lubinski, C. (2011). Crossroads of Family Business Research and Firm Demography: A Critical Assessment of Family Business Survival Rates. Journal of Family Business Strategy, v. 2, n. 3, pp. 117-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.07.002
Stewart, A., & Hitt, M. A. (2012). Why Can't a Family Business Be More Like a Nonfamily Business? Modes of Professionalization in Family Firms. Family Business Review, v. 25, n. 1, pp. 58-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511421665
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 3, pp. 571-610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080331
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. London: Sage Publications. 270p.
Tàpies, J., & Fernández, M. M. (2010). Values and longevity in family business: Evidence from a cross-cultural analysis. IESE Business School Working Paper No. 866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1692116
Tàpies, J., & Moya, M. F. (2012). Values and longevity in family business: evidence from a cross‐cultural analysis. Journal of Family Business Management, v. 2, n. 2, pp. 130-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20436231211261871
Venkataraman, S., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Strategy and Entrepreneurship: Outlines of an Untold Story. Darden Business School Working Paper, No. 01-06. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.275186
Welsh, D. H. B., Memili, E., Rosplock, K., Roure, J., & Segurado, J. L. (2013). Perceptions of Entrepreneurship across Generations in Family Offices: A Stewardship Theory Perspective. Journal of Family Business Strategy, v. 4, n. 3, pp. 213-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.07.003
Wiklund, J., Nordqvist, M., Hellerstedt, K., & Bird, M. (2013). Internal versus external ownership transition in family firms: an embeddedness perspective (November 2013). Family Business Special Issue, v. 37, n. 6, pp. 1319-1340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12068
Wilson, S. R., Whitmoyer, J. G., Pieper, T. M., Astrachan, J. H., Hair, J. F., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). Method trends and method needs: Examining methods needed for accelerating the field. Journal of Family Business Strategy, v. 5, n. 1, pp. 4-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.01.011
Wilson, N., Wright, M., & Scholes, L. (2013). Family business survival and the role of boards. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, v. 37, n. 6, pp. 1369-1389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12071
Woodfield, P. (2012). Intergenerational Entrepreneurship in Family Business: Conceptualising ways Entrepreneurial Family Businesses can be Sustained across Generations. Unpublished doctoral thesis.
Woodfield, P., Woods, C., & Shepherd, D. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: another avenue for family business scholarship?, Journal of Family Business Management, v. 7, n. 1, pp. 122-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-12-2015-0040
Xi, J., Kraus, S., Filser, M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2015). Mapping the field of family business research: past trends and future directions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, v. 11, n. 1, pp. 113-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0286-z
Yu, A., Lumpkin, G. T., Sorenson, R. L., & Brigham, K. H. (2012). The Landscape of Family Business Outcomes: A Summary and Numerical Taxonomy of Dependent Variables. Family Business Review, v. 25, n. 1, pp. 33–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511430329
Zahra, S. A. (2005). Entrepreneurial risk taking in family firms. Family Business Review, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 23-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00028.x
Zahra, S. A., & Sharma, P. (2004). Family Business Research: A Strategic Reflection. Family Business Review, v. 17, n. 4, pp. 331-346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00022.x
Zellweger, M. T., Nason, R. S., & Nordqvist, M. (2012). From longevity of firms to transgenerational entrepreneurship of families introducing family entrepreneurial orientation. Family Business Review, v. 25, n. 2, pp. 136-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511423531
Zhang, A., & Shaw, J. D. (2012). From the editors: publishing in AMJ - Part 5: Crafting the methods and results. Academy of Management Journal, v. 55, n. 1, pp. 8-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.4001
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 1865 PDF downloads: 667
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0
License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; -
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.
