Innovation Strategies: An Analysis in Information Technology Startups
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.v9i3.1653Keywords:
Innovation, Strategies for innovation, Startups, Open innovation practices, InternationalizationAbstract
Objective: Analyze the main innovation strategies used by information technology startups.
Methodology: A qualitative exploratory study was developed, with the evidence interpreted from the content analysis technique. Data collection took place through a semi-structured interview script applied to four managers (founders) of information technology startups, domiciled in the states of Sergipe, Maranhão and Ceará.
Main results: The main practices for promoting open innovation identified were partnerships with customers and organizations; and the least found strategy was internationalization.
Theoretical/Methodological contributions: This study contributes to the literature on the subject, confirming, through empirical evidence, that open innovation practices adopted by information technology startups are, primarily, partnerships, which follow an informal implementation, through knowledge and the skills offered by the parties involved, to overcome operational deficiencies and obtain specific learning. Another relevant finding was that non-collaboration with institutional actors favors the implementation of incremental innovations.
Relevance/Originality: Information technology startups are businesses that are known to be active in bringing innovations to the market. However, studies on innovation strategies in this type of business are still scarce and knowing the nature and ways of implementing these strategies is pertinent, since it can foster better results in innovation.
Downloads
References
Abstartups. (2019). Startup Base. Estatísticas. Startups por mercado de atuação. Recuperado em: https://startupbase.com.br/home/stats.
Agrawal, A., Bhattacharya, S., & Hasija, S. (2016). Cost-Reducing Innovation and the Role of Patent Intermediaries in Increasing Market Efficiency. Production and Operations. Management Society, 25(2), 173-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.12391
Alberti, F. G, & Pizzurno, E. (2017). Oops, I did it again! Knowledge leaks in open innovation networks with start-ups. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(1), 50-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2015-0116
Barbosa, R. A., & Machado, A. G. C. (2013). Estratégias de inovação sob a perspectiva da visão baseada em recursos: um estudo na Embrapa. Gestão & Regionalidade, 29(87), 95-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13037/gr.vol29n87.2229
Bardin, L (2011). Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70.
Belkahla, W., & Triki, A. (2011). Customer knowledge enabled innovation capability: proposing a measurement scale. Journal of knowledge management, 15(4), 648-674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111152009
Bessant, J., & Tidd, J. (2009). Inovação e empreendedorismo. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 512.
Bledow, R., Frese, M., Anderson, N., Erez, M., & Farr, J. (2009). A dialectic perspective on innovation: Conflicting demands, multiple pathways, and ambidexterity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2, 305-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2009.01154.x
Brunswicker, S., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2015). Open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): external knowledge sourcing strategies and internal organizational facilitators. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1241-1263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12120
Camisón, C., & Monfort-Mir, V. M. (2012). Measuring innovation in tourism from the Schumpeterian and the dynamic-capabilities perspective. Tourism Management, 33, 776 – 789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.08.012
Cândido, A. C. (2015). Identificação de práticas de inovação aberta nas parcerias estratégicas: Avaliação realizada com prestadores de Cloud Computing (Tese de doutorado). Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Censo StartSe. (2017). Brazil Startup Ecosystem Report. Recuperado em: https://censo.startse.com/assets/download/censo-startse-2017.pdf.
Chesbrough, H. (2003). The era of open innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44, 3, 35-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000812560304500301
Chesbrough, H. (2012). Inovação aberta: como criar e lucrar com a tecnologia. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Classen, N., Gils A. V., Bammens, Y., & Carree, M. (2012), Accessing resources from innovation partners: the search breadth of family SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 50(2), 191-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00350.x
Cropley, D. H., Kaufman, J. C., & Cropley, A. J. (2011). Measuring Creativity for Innovation Management. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 6(3), 13-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242011000300002
Dadalt, L. (2019). As startups e a geração de empregos. Recuperado em: https://www.genteemercado.com.br/as-startups-e-a-geracao-de-empregos/.
Dahlander, L., & Gann, D. M. (2010). How open is innovation? Research Policy, 39(6), 699-709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.013
D'alvano, L., & Hidalgo, A. (2012). Innovation management techniques and development degree of innovation process in service organizations. R and D Management, v. 42, n. 1, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00663.x
Dávila, T., Epstein, M. J., & Shelton, R. (2007). As regras da inovação – como gerenciar, como medir e como lucrar. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Dell’era, C., & Verganti, R. (2010). Collaborative Strategies in Design-intensive Industries: Knowledge Diversity and Innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(1), 123-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.10.006
Doloreux, D. (2013). What we should know about regional innovation systems of innovation. Technology and Society, 24(3), 243-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00007-6
Fauchart, E., & Keilbach, M. (2009). Testing a model of exploration and exploitation as innovation strategies. Small Business Economics, 33, 257-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9101-6
Fernandes, J. R. C. (2015). Desempenhos das Startups/TIC e as contribuições das aceleradoras: um estudo de caso (Dissertação de Mestrado). Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Filippetti, A., Frenz, M., & Letto-Gillies, G. (2013) The role of internationalization as a determinant of innovation performance: An analysis of 42 countries. Centre for Innovation Management Research – CIMR (Research Working Paper Series,10). EIBA Conference, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2114289
Forsman, H. (2011). Innovation capacity and innovation development in small enterprises. A comparison between the manufacturing and service sectors. Research Policy, 40(5), 739-750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.02.003
García, F., Avella, L., & Fernandez, E. (2012). Learning from exporting: The moderating effect of technological capabilities. International Business Review, 26(6), 1099-1111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.12.001
Gassmann, O., & Enkel, E. (2004). Toward a theory of open innovation: three core process archetypes. Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference, Lisbon, Portugal.
GEN – Startup Genome. (2019). Global Startup Ecosystem Report, 2019. Recuperado em: https://startupgenome.com/reports/global-startup-ecosystem-report-2019/.
Godoy, A. S. (1995). Pesquisa qualitativa: tipos fundamentais. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 35(3), 20-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75901995000300004
Greer, C. R., & Lei, D. (2012). Collaborative Innovation with Customers: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(1), 63-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00310.x
Gruenberg-Bochard, J., & Kreis-Hoyer, P. (2009). Knowledge-networking capability in German SMEs: a model for empirical investigation. International Journal of Technology Management, 45(3/4), 364-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2009.022659
Heidenreich, S., & Kraemer, T. (2016). Innovations – Doomed to Fail? Investigating Strategies to Overcome Passive Innovation Resistance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(3), 277-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12273
Hsieh, C.T., Huang, H.-C., & Lee, W.-L. (2016). Using transaction cost economics to explain open innovation in start-ups. Management Decision, 54(9), 2133-2156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2016-0012
Hunt, R. A. (2013). Entrepreneurial tweaking: an empirical study of technology diffusion through secondary inventions and design modifications by start-ups. European Journal of Innovation Management, 16(2), 148-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061311324511
Imbuzeiro, P. E. (2014). A Proposta e Avaliação de um Modelo da Dinâmica da Inovação nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas Atuando em Redes: Um Estudo do Setor de TIC em Alagoas (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Koc, T., & Bozdag, E. (2017). Measuring the degree of novelty of innovation based on Porter’s value chain approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 257(2), 559-567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.07.049
Lei complementar 123/2006 de 14 de dezembro de 2006 (2006, 14 dezembro). Institui o Estatuto Nacional da Microempresa e da Empresa de Pequeno Porte. Diário oficial da União, Brasília.
Lendel, V., & Varmus, M. (2011). Creation and implementation of the innovation strategy in the enterprise. Economics and management, 16(1), 819-825.
Lichtenthaler, U. (2013). "Absorptive capacity, environmental turbulence, and the complementarity of organizational learning processes": Retraction. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.3001
Lopes, A. P. B. V., Ferrarese, A., & Carvaho, M. M. (2017). Inovação aberta no processo de pesquisa e desenvolvimento: uma análise da cooperação entre empresas automotivas e universidades. Gestão da produção, 24(4), 653-666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x2138-16
Lynn, S. G., & Akgun, A. E. (1998). Innovation strategies under uncertainty: A contingency approach for new product development. Engineering Management Journal, 10(3), 11-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.1998.11414991
Mas-Tur, A., Pinazo, P., & Tur-Porcar, A. M., & Sánchez-Masferrer, M. (2015). What to avoid to succeed as an entrepreneu. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2279-2284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.011
Mercandetti, F., Larbig, C., Tuozzo, V., & Steiner, T. (2017). Innovation by Collaboration between Startups and SMEs in Switzerland. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(12), 23-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1125
Michelino, F., Lamberti, E., Cammarano, A., & Lamberti, M. (2014). Inbound and outbound open innovation: organization and performances. Journal of technology Management & Innovation, 9(3), 65-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242014000300005
Mlakar, A., & Ruzzier, M. (2011). Povezava med internacionalizacijo in inoviranjem malih in srednjih podjetij: Primer Slovenije. Organizacija, 44(6), 228-237.
Newman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. 7.ed. Harlow: Pearson Education.
OCDE – Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006). Manual de Oslo: Diretrizes para coleta e interpretação de dados sobre inovação. OECD/Eurostat.
Pavitt, K. Innovation process. (2006). In: Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Nelson, R. R. The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. New York: Oxford.
Reddy, K. S. (2014). Extant reviews on entry-mode/internationalization, mergers & acquisitions, and diversification: Understanding theories and establishing interdisciplinary research. Pacific Science Review, 16(4), 250-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2015.04.003
Ren, S., Eisingerich, A. B. & Tsai, H.-T. (2015). How do marketing, research and development capabilities, and degree of internationalization synergistically affect the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? A panel data study of Chinese SMEs. International Business Review, 24(4), 642-651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.11.006
Ries, E. (2012). A Startup Enxuta: como os empreendedores atuais utilizam a inovação contínua para criar empresas extremamente bem-sucedidas. São Paulo: Lua de Papel.
Robehmed, N. (2013). What is a Startup? Forbes. Recuperado em: https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2013/12/16/what-is-a-startup/#14d2c8e40440.
Rosa, P. L. (2017). O impacto da inovação aberta outbound em empresas brasileiras (Dissertação de Mestrado). Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J., & Bausch, A. (2011). Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 441-457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.12.002
Saebi, T., & Foss, N. J. (2014). Business models for open innovation: matching heterogenous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions. European Management Journal, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2493736
Sanches, P. L. B., & Machado, A. G. C. (2014). Estratégias de inovação sob a perspectiva da Resourced-Based View: análise e evidências em empresas de base tecnológica. Gestão & Produção, 21(1), 125-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-530X2014005000005
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. Harlow, England: Pearson Education.
Schumpeter, J. (1939). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1998). Teoria do desenvolvimento econômico: uma investigação sobre lucros, capital, crédito, juro e o ciclo econômico. São Paulo: Nova Cultural.
Scillitoe, J. L., & Chakrabarti, A. K. (2010). The role of incubator interactions in assisting new ventures. Technovation, 30(3), 155-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2009.12.002
SEBRAE - Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas. (2017). Anuário do trabalho nos pequenos negócios: 2015. 8.ed /; Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos. Brasília, DF: DIEESE. Recuperado em: https://m.sebrae.com.br/Sebrae/Portal%20Sebrae/Anexos/anu%C3%A1rio%20do%20trabalho%202015.pdf.
Shaw, G., & Williams, A. (2009). Knowledge transfer and management in tourism organisations: an emerging research agenda. Tourism Management, 30(3), 325-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.02.023
Shontell, A. (2014). This is the definitive definition of a startup. Business Insider Recuperado em: http://uk.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-startup-definition-2014-12?r=US&IR=T.
Sie, R. L.L., Rijpkema, M. B., Stoyanov, S., & Sloep, P. B. (2014). Factors that influence cooperation in networks for innovation and learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 377-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.033
Silva, E. E. (2017). Ciclo de vida de empresas startups (Dissertação de mestrado). Faculdade Campo Olímpio Paulista – Faccamp, Campo Olímpio, SP, Brasil.
Stoilov, I. A. (2015). Innovation in technological start-ups: Korean start-up ecosystem (Business Administration and Management Degree). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanha.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing Grounded Theory. Thounsand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2008). Gestão da inovação. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Turri, S. N. Z., & Wagner, B. S. (2015). Fatores críticos de sucesso de startups/TI. In Anais do Simpósio Internacional de Projetos, Inovação e Sustentabilidade. São Paulo, SP, 4.
Valaei, N., Rezaei, S., & Ismail, W. (2017). Examining learning strategies, creativity, and innovation at SMEs using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and PLS path modeling. Journal of Business Research, 70, 224-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.08.016
Varrichio, P. C. (2016). Uma Discussão sobre a Estratégia de Inovação Aberta em Grandes Empresas e os Programas de Relacionamento Voltados Para Startups no Brasil. Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia da FUNDACE, 7(1), 148-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13059/racef.v7i1.251
Witzeman, S., Slowinski, G., Dirkx, R., Gollob, L., Tao, J., Ward, S., & Miraglia, S. (2006). Harnessing external technology for innovation. Research Technology Management, 49(3), 19-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2006.11657374
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 642 PDF (Português (Brasil)) downloads: 341 PDF downloads: 147
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0
License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; -
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.
