Entrepreneurs’ Life History: Strategy And Research Method To Studying Entrepreneurial Learning
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.v8i3.1299Keywords:
Life History, Thematic Interview, Narrative, Entrepreneurial Learning, Social Practice TheoriesAbstract
Purpose - Propose that, based on the life history of startups founders, it should be possible to reveal learning processes that occurred during their lives, even before they got involved in entrepreneurial practices.
Design/Methodology - Within a qualitative and interpretivist approach, Life History is used as a guiding strategy and method for gathering data. In addition, seeking to delineate the investigation of experiences by entrepreneurs, it was conducted semi-structured interviews focused on thematic stories. To analyze the data, two interconnected strategies were used: narrative analysis and the abductive method.
Main results - The results make it possible to identify the involvement of entrepreneurs with various social practices. These practices point to the lifelong journey of these entrepreneurs as a continual process of learning, indicating fragments of learning which occur and become relevant to the current entrepreneurial practice.
Theoretical/methodological contributions - This article highlights the situated nature of entrepreneurial learning as a process anchored in social practices that begins before involvement in an entrepreneurial action. In terms of methodology, this study suggests a path to contribute to the formation of a research agenda within the Brazilian context.
Relevance/originality - The article highlights the Life History and the Thematic Interview as tools that will facilitate the work of future researchers interested in revealing entrepreneurs’ learning processes not just before an entrepreneurial practice but also during the beginning of the entrepreneurial process and the running of their businesses.Downloads
References
Agbim, K. C., Owutuamor, Z. B., & Oriarewo, G. O. (2013). Entrepreneurship Development and Tacit Knowledge: Exploring the Link between Entrepreneurial Learning and Individual Know-How. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(2), 112-129.
Alberti, V. (2005). Manual de história oral (3ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV.
Alberti, V. (2012). De “versão” a “narrativa” no Manual de história oral. História Oral, 15(2), 159-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51880/ho.v15i2.263
Andrade, J. R. G., & Olave, M. E. L. (2015). Aprendizagem empreendedora experiencial: estudo de múltiplos casos de pequenos empreendedores sergipanos. Revista Da Micro E Pequena Empresa, 9(2), 44-60.
Arantes, F. P., Freitag, M. S. B., & Santos, E. L. S. (2018). Improvisação e Aprendizagem de Empreendedores Informais: A Experiência de Empreendedores Feirantes. Regepe, 7(3), 1-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14211/regepe.v7i3.921
Atkinson, R. (2002). The Life Story Interview. In J. F. Gubrium & J. A. Holstein (Eds.), Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method (pp. 121-141). London: Sage.
Bathmaker, A.-M., & Harnett, P. (2010). Exploring learning, identity and power through life history and narrative research (A.-M. Bathmaker & P. Harnett Eds.). New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203858370
Baumol, W. J. (1968). Entrepreneurship in economic theory. Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, Chicago.
Bourdieu, P. (2015). A ilusão biográfica. In J. P. A. B. De Figueiredo & M. D. M. Ferreira (Eds.), Usos e abusos da história oral (8 ed., pp. 183-191). Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV.
Burke, P. (2005). Theorists and Historians. In P. Burke (Ed.), History and Social Theory (pp. 1-20). New York: Cornell University Press.
Cappelle, M. C. A., Borges, C. L. P., & Miranda, A. R. A. (2010). Um Exemplo do Uso da História Oral como Técnica Complementar de Pesquisa em Administração. VI Encontro de Estudos Organizacionais da Anpad - EnEO, Florianopólis.
Closs, L., & Antonello, C. S. (2008). O Uso do Método de História de Vida Para Compreensão dos Processos de Aprendizagem Gerencial. XXXII EnANPAD, Rio de Janeiro.
Closs, L., & Antonello, C. S. (2012). História de Vida: Suas possibilidades para a investigação de processos de aprendizagem gerencial. Revista Eletrônica de Gestão Organizacional, 10(1), 105-137.
Colebrook, C. (2002). Gilles Deleuze. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203241783
Cope, J., & Watts, G. (2000). Learning by doing – An exploration of experience, critical incidents and reflection in entrepreneurial learning. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(3), 104-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550010346208
Cowdean, S., Whitby, P., Bradley, L., & McGowan, P. (2019). Entrepreneurial learning in practice: The impact of knowledge transfer. Industry and Higher Education, 33(1), 30-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422218812630
Creswell, J.W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4 ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Cunliffe, A., & Coupland, C. (2011). From hero to villain to hero: Making experience sensible through embodied narrative sensemaking. Human Relations, 65(1), 63-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726711424321
Deakins, D., & Freel, M. (1998). Entrepreneurial learning and the growth process in SMEs. The Learning Organization, 5(3), 144-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09696479810223428
Denzin, N. K., & Lincon, Y. S. (2005). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Dewey, J. (1980). Art as Experience (23rd Impression). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Elkjaer, B. (2009). Pragmatism: a learning theory for the future. In K. Illeris (Ed.), Contemporary Theories of Learning: Learning Theorists… In Their Own Words. New York: Routledge.
Elkjaer, B. (2018). Pragmatism: Learning as creative imagination. In K. Illeris (Ed.), Contemporary Theories of Learning: Learning Theorists… In Their Own Words (2 ed., pp.66-82). New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315147277-5
Ferrazza, D. S., & Antonello, C. S. (2017). O Método de História de Vida: Contribuições para a Compreensão de Processos de Aprendizagem nas Organizações. Gestão.Org, 15(1), 22-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21714/1679-18272017v15n1.p22-36
Ferreira, M. d. M., Fernandes, T. M., & Alberti, V. (2000). História oral: desafios para o século XXI. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7476/9788575412879
Festervand, T. A., & Forrest, J. E. (1993). Entrepreneurial Preparedness: A Multi-Stage Model. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 5(3).
Flick, U. (2007). Designing Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208826
Gaffuri, E. L., & Ichikawa, E. Y. (2016). Num Novo País: a História de Vida de João, Imigrante e Negro e sua Territorialização pela Visão de seu Cotidiano. XL Encontro Nacional da Anpad - EnANPAD, Costa do Sauípe.
Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an Entrepreneur?” Is the Wrong Question. American Journal of Small Business, 12(4), 11-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878801200401
Gherardi, S. (2006). Organizational Knowledge: The Texture of Workplace Learning. Oxford: BlackWell Publishing.
Gherardi, S. (2009). Knowing and learning in practice‐based studies: an introduction. The Learning Organization, 16(5), 352-359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470910974144
Gherardi, S. (2012). How to conduct a practice-based study: Problems and methods. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857933386
Gherardi, S., & Perrotta, M. (2014). Between the hand and the head: How things get done, and how in doing the ways of doing are discovered. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, 9(2), 134-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QROM-06-2012-1079
Gherardi, S., & Strati, A. (2014). Administração e aprendizagem na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Habermas, J. (1990). Pensamento pós-metafísico: estudos filosóficos (2. ed ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro.
Hafeez, K., Foroudi, P., Nguyen, B., Gupta, S., & Alghatas, F. (2018). How do entrepreneurs learn and engage in an online community-of-practice? A case study approach. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(7), 714-735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1474255
Hahn, D., Minola, T., Van Gils, A., & Huybrechts, J. (2017). Entrepreneurial education and learning at universities: exploring multilevel contingencies. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9-10), 945-974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1376542
Harrison, R. T., & Leitch, C. M. (2008). Entrepreneurial Learning: Conceptual frameworks and applications (R. T. Harrison & C. M. Leitch Eds.). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203931929
Hatch, J. A., & Wisniewski, R. (2003). Life History and Narrative. London: The Falmer Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203486344
Hjorth, D. (2003). In the Tribe of Sisyphus: Rethinking Management Education from an “Entrepreneurial” Perspective. Journal of Management Education, 27(6), 637-653. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562903257938
Hjorth, D. (2007). Lessons from Iago: Narrating the event of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(5), 712-732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.10.002
Hjorth, D., & Johannisson, B. (2009). Learning as an Entrepreneurial Process. Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat, 8(2), 57-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/entre.082.0057
Ichikawa, E. Y., & Santos, L. W. d. (2006). Contribuições da História Oral à pesquisa organizacional. In C. K. Godoi, R. Bandeira-de-Melo, & A. B. d. Silva (Eds.), Pesquisa Qualitativa em Estudos Organizaionais: paradigmas, estratégias e métodos (pp. 181-205). São Paulo: Saraiva.
Itelvino, L. d. S., Costa, P. R. da, Gohn, M. d. G. M., & Ramacciotti, C. (2015). Processo de Formação do Empreendedor Social: Um Estudo a partir de Narrativas de História de Vida. XXXIX Encontro Nacional da Anpad - EnANPAD, Belo Horizonte.
Jaime, P., Godoy, A. S., & Antonello, C. S. (2007). História de Vida: Origens, Debates Contemporâneos e Possibilidades no Campo da Administração. I Encontro de Ensino e Pesquisa em Administração e Contabilidade - EnEPQ, Recife.
Jones, G. R. (1983). Life History Methodology. In G. Morgan (Ed.), Beyond Method (pp. 147-159). London: SAGE Publications.
Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuckertz, A., & Prochotta, A. (2018). What’s Hot in Entrepreneurship Research 2018? Hohenheim Entrepreneurship Research Briefs, 4, 1-7.
Kuratko, D. F., Morris, M. H., & Schindehutte, M. (2015). Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship through framework approaches. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9627-3
Lefebvre, V., Radu Lefebvre, M., & Simon, E. (2015). Formal entrepreneurial networks as communities of practice: a longitudinal case study. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 27(7-8), 500-525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1070539
Mageste, G. de S., & Lopes, F. T. (2007). O Uso da História de Vida nos Estudos Organizacionais. I Encontro de Ensino e Pesquisa em Administração e Contabilidade - EnEPQ, Recife.
McClelland, D. C. (1972). A sociedade competitiva realização e progresso social: Expressão e Cultura.
Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. (2001). A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Learning. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(3), 5-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870102500301
Morgan, G., & Smircich, L. (1980). The case for qualitative research. Academy of Management Review, 5(4), 491-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1980.4288947
Moroz, P. W., & Hindle, K. (2012). Entrepreneurship as a process: Toward harmonizing multiple perspectives. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 781-818. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00452.x
Murphy, J. (1993). Self-Evaluation & Effectiveness Review for Entrepreneurial Learning and Decision Making. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 01(01), 109-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495893000063
Nicolini, D. (2012). Practice theory, work, and organization: An introduction (1. ed ed.). Oxford: University Press.
Nicolini, D., & Monteiro, P. (2016). The practice approach: for a praxeology of organizational and management studies. In A. Langley & H. Tsoukas (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of process organization studies (1 ed., pp.110-126). London: Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957954.n7
Olesen, H. S. (2011). Exploração do sujeito problemático: história de vida, subjetividade, experiência de vida. Educação, 34(2), 137-146.
Oliveira, E. de J., Correa, D. A., & Delboni, C. (2017). Meu nome é Ozires, Ozires Silva: a história de vida e de carreira de um empreendedor na perspectiva da teoria desenvolvimentista de Donald Super. EnGPR, Curitiba.
Pamphilon, B. (1999). The Zoom Model: A Dynamic Framework for the Analysis of Life Histories. Qualitative Inquiry, 5(3), 393-410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107780049900500306
Peirce, C.S. (1931–1958). The collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. In C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss, & A. W. Burks (Eds.), (Vol. 1–8). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Perazzo, P. F., & Bassi, C. S. (2007). Possibilidades do Método de História Oral nos Estudos em Administração. I Encontro de Ensino e Pesquisa em Administração e Contabilidade - EnEPQ, Recife.
Rae, D. (2004). Entrepreneurial learning: a practical model from the creative industries. Education + Training, 46(8/9), 492-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910410569614
Rae, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial learning: a narrative-based conceptual model. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12(3), 323-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000510612259
Rae, D. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning: peripherality and connectedness. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 23(3), 486-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2016-0132
Rae, D., & Carswell, M. (2000). Using a life‐story approach in researching entrepreneurial learning: the development of a conceptual model and its implications in the design of learning experiences. Education + Training, 42(4/5), 220-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910010373660
Rae, D., & Carswell, M. (2001). Towards a conceptual understanding of entrepreneurial learning. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 8(2), 150-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006816
Rae, D., & Wang, C. L. (2015). Entrepreneurial Learning: New perspectives in research, education and practice (D. Rae & C. L. Wang Eds.). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315857817
Reckwitz, A. (2002). Toward a Theory of Social Practices: a development in culturalist theorizing. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(2), 243-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310222225432
Reis, D. G. d., & Antonello, C. S. (2006). Ambiente de mudanças e aprendizagem nas organizações: contribuições da análise da narrativa. Revista Eletrônica de Gestão Organizacional, 4(2), 176-193.
Riessman, C.K. (2005). Narrative Analysis. In N. Kelly, C. Horrocks, K. Milnes, B. Roberts, & D. Robinson (Eds.), Narrative, memory and everyday life (pp.135-142). Huddersfield: University of Huddersfield.
Rosenthal, G. (1993). Reconstruction of life stories: Principles of selection in generating stories for narrative biographical interviews. The narrative study of lives 1(1), 59-91.
Schatzki, T. R. (2002). Site of the social: A philosophical account of the constitution of social life and change. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271023717
Secundo, G., Del Vecchio, P., Schiuma, G., & Passiante, G. (2017). Activating entrepreneurial learning processes for transforming university students’ idea into entrepreneurial practices. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 23(3), 465-485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2015-0315
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
Silva, J. C. P. da, Lima, T. C. B. de, Paiva, L. E. B., & Lima, M. A. M. (2017). Aprendizagem empreendedora: estudo com gestores de tecnologia da informação. RACE - Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia, 16(3), 1009-1034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18593/race.v16i3.12209
Simpson, B. (2018). Pragmatism: A Philosophy of Practice. In C. Cassell, A. L. Cunliffe, & G. Grandy (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Business and Management Research Methods: History and Traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526430212.n4
Smilor, R. W. (1997). Entrepreneurship: Reflections on a subversive activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), 341-346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00008-6
Sombra, L. L. (2008). Gadamer e Habermas: os atritos da linguagem. Intuitio, 1(2), 171-187.
Strati, A. (2003). Knowing in practice: aesthetic understanding and tacit knowledge. In D. Nicolini, S. Gherardi, & D. Yanow (Eds.), Knowing in Organizations (pp. 53-75). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Strati, A. (2007). Sensible Knowledge and Practice-based Learning. Management Learning, 38(1), 61-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507607073023
Sullivan, R. (2000). Entrepreneurial learning and mentoring. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(3), 160-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550010346587
Terzieva, L. (2016). Entrepreneurial learning and communities of practice: The case of the cross-border cultural tourism development Bulgaria– Romania. In J. Ateljevic & J. Trivić (Eds.), Economic Development and Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Issues, Obstacles and Perspectives (pp. 271-286). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28856-7_15
Toutain, O., Fayolle, A., Pittaway, L., & Politis, D. (2017). Role and impact of the environment on entrepreneurial learning. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9/10), 869-888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1376517
Vizeu, F. F. (2010). Potencialidades da análise histórica nos estudos organizacionais brasileiros. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 50(1), 37-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902010000100004
Wang, C. L., & Chugh, H. (2014). Entrepreneurial Learning: Past Research and Future Challenges. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(1), 24-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12007
Wang, C. L., & Chugh, H. (2015). Entrepreneurial learning: Past research and future challenges. In D. Rae & C. L. Wang (Eds.), Entrepreneurial Learning: New perspectives in research, education and practice (pp. 11-44). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315857817-2
Wang, C. L., Rafiq, M., Li, X., & Zheng, Y. (2014). Entrepreneurial preparedness: an exploratory case study of Chinese private enterprises. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 20(4), 351-374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2013-0079
Yanow, D. (2000). Seeing Organizational Learning: A 'Cultural' View. Organization, 7(2), 247-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/135050840072003
Young, J. E., & Sexton, D. L. (1997). Entrepreneurial Learning: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 05(03), 223-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495897000144
Zampier, M. A., & Takahashi, A. R. W. (2014). Competências e aprendizagem empreendedora em MPE’s educacionais. Revista Pensamento Contemporâneo em Administração, 8(3), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12712/rpca.v8i3.335
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 1043 PDF (Português (Brasil)) downloads: 428 PDF downloads: 202
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0 License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal;
-
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.